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The yield, taste and size of fruits are directly dependent on healthy leaves. Whether fungal, bacterial or insect pests of pears on the leaves - it is necessary to eradicate the infection. Typically, the preventive treatment of the garden is a complex approach; with one measure, protection is provided against several ailments. The gardener can prevent the appearance of the disease, and can begin to fight when the disease is already ruining the crop.
Signs of Diseases
During the season, any yellowing, twisting or blackness of one leaf or branch becomes a harbinger of pear disease. Despite the prophylactic care, at any time a disease or insect can be brought in from the outside perimeter of the garden. An attentive gardener will see on the leaves of a pear pest a daily detour. Diseases of pear leaves are caused by various factors: the
- tree is weakened by excessive harvest, received damage to the bark or freezer in winter;
- pear got fungal diseases of the leaves - scab, bacterial burn, rust;
- insect pests attacked the plant.
Whatever the disease, it affects the leaves. Diseases make them brown, black, dry. Insects damage leaf blades, and this is clearly seen. Pests pears on the leaves can break the ovary, damage the fruit. Each sheet works on photosynthesis - the formation of chlorophyll under the rays of the sun. Later it is processed into nutrients. Few leaves - the plant is starving.
Common Diseases of Pears
The lamina, its color and shape are altered by the action of bacteria viruses and fungi. In order for the spore or bacteria to take root, favorable conditions are required - open scratches, moisture, heat. The infection is easily introduced into a weak or young tree.
The scourge of present-day bog gardens is a scorch. It covers gardens at lightning speed, at first the leaves look scalded or sunburned. It is this disease that is most often the reason why the leaves of a pear turn black and curl. The disease was imported from Japan and America. It has little effect conventional drugs. Treatment lead antibiotics - tetracycline. For spraying pear solution is prepared at the rate of 2 tablets per bucket of water. But the branches with obvious damage are cut out, and the open wound is treated with a solution of 2 tablets in 100 g of water. Place cut cut garden pitch.
With a strong spread of the disease on a single tree, it must be destroyed and burned.
Another misfortune on pear leaves is rust. A fungal disease that develops on a juniper, and then spores are spread over long distances by wind, infecting many species of trees. The first signs are the appearance of small yellow dots on a young leaf. They are noticeable. If left untreated, the disease goes inside, affects the leaf, and swelling appears on the back side. They burst, and spores infect a larger pear orchard area. The leaves fall among the summer, the shoots do not grow, the bark of the tree cracks.
With the appearance of the first yellow spots on the leaves, you need to know that there is rust on the pear and how to treat it. The disease is very stable, treated for years. Preventive measures consist in processing wood with fungicides 3 times per season - before the appearance of the leaves, after flowering, and again after 2 weeks. When rust appears, the plant is treated up to 6 times per season. Fungicides of Kuproksat, Poliram, colloidal sulfur, Skor.
There are varieties of pears resistant to rust:
- summer pears - Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka, Ilyinka and others;
- autumn - Bere, Bosk, Borovinka red;
- rarely get sick in winter - Nika, Bere, Yakovlevskaya.
Insect pests pears
Insects can cause a pear no less damage, leave no crop, destroy a young tree. From early spring, the young shoots of the tree are inhabited by aphids. Emerging from the trunk or the ground with the advent of heat, she climbs onto the branches and begins hatching. As soon as the young leaves develop, they are colonized by a plant aphids.
From aphids on pears and apples use folk remedies. Until she spun the sheet, the insect can be washed off even with cold water from a hose. Spraying helps with infusion of garlic, celandine, dandelion, soap. But later only insecticides can cope with the scourge. Preventive spraying can be carried out before leafing, before flowering and on young ovaries. The sticky trap belt mounted on the trunk will not allow the aphids to rise from the ground; whitewashing will destroy the eggs on the trunk.
If clean, undamaged pear leaves are curled - what to do? They looked at the gray-eyed gray butterfly - the leaf-maker. She laid eggs, the caterpillars came out. They launched poison into the juice, from which the cells of the leaf changed shape and the leaf curled up into a straw. In the future, the sheet darkens, blackens, falls. You can lose up to 80% foliage. In the summer, when fruit is being poured, chemicals cannot be used, and folk remedies almost do not help. You can use biological compounds - Bitoxibacillin and Lepidotsid, or enzymes - Fitoverm, Akarin. This genus of insects has up to 10 thousand species.
Prevention against a moth on a pear is in the following activities:
- spring whitewashing of boles and the place of exit of skeletal branches with lime;
- wood treatment for dormant buds from all those hibernating with Preparation 30;
- collection of leaves and fallen fruits in the tracks;
- hanging traps with fermented bait;
- use of hunting belts.
At the beginning of the summer during the summer of the butterfly, insecticides can be used. Contact chemicals can be used for warm weather. In cold weather, the caterpillars hide in a cocoon and are inaccessible.
Another attack on the pear is the gall mite. This is a tiny cephalopod worm with a size of less than 1 mm with four legs. They are white or pink. Infection occurs by wind or the pest is carried on clothing and footwear.
Folk remedies do not help in the fight against gall mites. The target insecticide for this pest is Vertimec and Proclayme. Treating the tree completely in early spring, after harvest and before frosts.
The pest is called a pear flower beetle or weevil. A small, smaller than 5 mm nondescript bug can leave a tree without a crop. From autumn, he mines fruit buds on a pear; in spring they do not bloom; they are eaten away by beetle larvae from the inside. In summer, females lay their eggs in the fruit.
If weevil is found on a pear, how to fight?
Before flowering, treatment against the weevil is carried out with powerful drugs - Karbofos, Aktellik, Metafos. During the period of swelling and disclosure of buds in cold weather up to +10 degrees, the tree shakes, and the beetles fall on the litter. They are drowned in water with kerosene.
