What is the scheme of LED lamps: simple device drivers

LED light sources are rapidly gaining popularity and replacing wasteful incandescent and fluorescent counterparts dangerous. They effectively use energy, long time serve, and some of them after the failure can be repaired.

To correctly replace or repair a broken item, the scheme will require knowledge of the LED lamp and design features. But the information we have considered in detail in this article, paying attention to varieties of bulbs and their design. We also gave a brief overview of the device's most popular led models from well-known manufacturers.

How does the LED light?

Familiarity with the design of LED-lamp can be required only in one case - if you need to repair or improve the light source.

Home handyman, having the set of elements that may self-assemble the lamp LED, but the beginner can not do it.

But by studying the scheme and having basic skills in electronics, even a novice will be able to disassemble the lamp, replace broken parts, restoring the functionality of the device. To see detailed instructions for identifying faults and self-repair of the LED lamp, go, please this link.

Does it make sense renovation LED-lamps? Absolutely. In contrast to the analogues with filament 10 rubles apiece, LED devices are expensive.

Suppose «pear» GAUSS - about 80 rubles, and higher quality alternative OSRAM - 120 rubles. Replacing the capacitor, resistor and diode will be cheaper, and the term the timely replacement of the lamp can be extended.

There are many modifications of the LED-lamps: candles, pears, balls, soffits, capsules, tape, etc.. They differ in shape, size and design. To visualize the difference between incandescent, consider a common model in the shape of a pear.

If we ignore the usual form, we can see only one familiar element - plinth. Sizes caps remained the same, so they are suitable to the traditional patrons and do not require a change of the electrical system. But the similarities end: the internal structure of LED lighting is much more complicated than that of incandescent lamps.

LED-lamp is not designed to operate directly from the network 220, however the device driver is enclosed, which is both supply and control unit. It consists of a plurality of small elements, whose main task - current straighten and reduce tension.

Varieties schemes and their characteristics

To create an optimal voltage for the operation of the device on the diodes, driver collected based circuit with a capacitor or a step-down transformer. The first option - the cheaper, the second is used to equip a powerful lamps.

There is a third kind - inverter circuits that implement or assembly of dimmable lamps, or to devices with a large number of diodes.

Option # 1 - capacitors to reduce stress

Consider an example involving a capacitor, as such schemes are common in household lamps.

Capacitor C1 protects against electrical noise, and C4 smoothes ripple. At the time of supplying current two resistors - R2 and R3 - and simultaneously limit it protects against short circuit and VD1 element converts the AC voltage.

When the current supply ceases, the capacitor is discharged when the resistor R4 aid. By the way, R2, R3 and R4 are not used by all manufacturers of LED products.

For capacitor check often use a multimeter.

Cons circuit with capacitors:

1. Perhaps blown diodesAs well as the stability of the current supply is not observed. The voltage across the load is totally dependent on the supply voltage.
2. There is no galvanic isolationSo there is a risk of electric shock. Not recommended during disassembly lamps touching live parts, since they are under the phase.
3. It is practically impossible to achieve high luminous currentsBecause this would require an increase in the capacitors.

However, the benefits are also quite a few, it is thanks to them that the capacitors remain popular. The advantage is ease of assembly, a wide range of output voltage, and low cost.

You can safely experiment with the independent production, especially of the details will be found in older receivers or TVs.

Option # 2 - with a pulse driver

In contrast to the linear driver with a capacitor, switching effectively protects the LEDs from voltage transients and noise on the network.

An example of a pulsed device is popular electronic model CPC9909. Consider the details of its features. The effectiveness of its use up to 98% - the rate at which it is really possible to talk about energy efficiency and savings.

Power devices can occur directly from the high voltage - 550 V, because the driver is equipped with a built-in stabilizer. Due to the same stabilizer circuit has become easier, and the cost - below.

Chip successfully used for the development of electric systems and emergency backup lighting, as it is suitable for circuits of boost converters.

At home, on the basis of CPC9909 often collect lights powered by batteries or a power driver not exceeding 25 W.

Option # 3 - with dimmable driver

Adjusting the brightness of lighting in the room allows you to set the desired lighting level. This is useful when creating separate zones, reducing the brightness of light in the daytime, or to emphasize the interior.

Via dimmer the use of electricity is becoming more rational, and appliance service life is increased.

There are two types of dimmable drivers, each of which has its own advantages. The first work with PWM control.

They are placed between the lamp and the power supply. The energy is supplied in pulses of varying duration. EXAMPLE driver using PWM control - running line.

Dimmable drivers of the second type act directly on the power source used for the devices with stabilized current.

When adjusting the current glow color change can occur: the diodes in white when the current start to emit a slightly yellow light, while increasing - blue.

Overview and testing of popular LED-lamps

Although the principles of the driver circuits of various lighting devices are similar, there are differences between them in order to connect components, and in their choices.

Consider the circuit 4 lamps, which are sold freely available. If desired, they can repair their own hands.

If there is experience with controllers, you can replace elements of the scheme, soldering, lightly perfect.

However, meticulous work and effort to find items are not always justified - it is easier to buy a new light fixture.

Option # 1 - LED-lamp BBK P653F

The brand BBK, there are two very similar modifications: P653F P654F Lamp is different from the model of a structure emitting unit. Accordingly, the driver circuit and the construction of the device as a whole in the second model, constructed according to the principles of the first device.

The structure is easy to detect flaws. For example, the installation location of the controller: the radiator part, without isolation, in the base part. Assembling on a chip SM7525 outputs 49.3 V.

Option # 2 - LED-lamp Ecola 7w

The radiator is made of aluminum cap - made of heat resistant polymer gray. PCB half a millimeter thick fastened diodes 14 connected in series.

Between the radiator plate and - a layer of thermally conductive paste. Cap is fixed with screws.

The board is fully placed inside the cap and shorter wires attached. A short circuit is impossible, as there is around the plastic - insulation material. Result on the output of the controller - 81 V.

Option # 3 - collapsible lamp Ecola 6w GU5,3

Thanks to the collapsible design can be to repair or improve the device driver.

But it spoils the impression of an unsightly appearance and design of the device. Dimensional radiator heavier weight, it is recommended that additional fixing when fixing the lamp to the cartridge.

A disadvantage of the circuit is the presence of visible light flux pulsations and high degree of interference that necessarily affect the useful life. Base controller - chip BP3122, indicator output - 9.6 V.

More information about LED light bulbs brand Ecola we reviewed our other article.

Option # 4 - a lamp Jazzway 7,5w GU10

External elements of a lamp detach easily, so before the controller can be reached quickly by unscrewing two screws pair. The protective glass is held by snap. The board recorded 17 diodes with serial communication.

However, the controller is located in the basement, generously potted, and the wires are pressed into the terminals. To release them, you must use a drill or apply pinout.

Interference is observed - and thanks to the absence of pulse controller but at a frequency of 100 Hz are observed perceptible pulsation of light reaching to 80% of the maximum index.

The result of the controller - 100 V at the output, but the overall evaluation lamp rather refers to weak devices. its price is obviously overestimated and is equated to the value of brands, which are characterized by a stable product quality.

Other features and characteristics of the lamp manufacturer, we brought in next article.

Conclusions and useful videos on the topic

How are drivers for LEDs, what are their features and functions that can be learned from the selection below videos.

Parsing scheme ICE lamp MR-16:

driver circuit for self-assembly lamp power up to 15 W:

Both looks and acts FT833A driver:

Homemade improvised elements:

Now commercial Internet sites you can buy kits and individual components for the assembly of lighting devices of various capacities.

If desired, you can repair the faulty LED-lamp or modify a new one to get the best result. When buying is recommended to carefully check the characteristics and matching parts.

Do you still have questions after reading the material of the above? Or you want to add valuable information and other schemes bulbs, from personal experience repairing led lamps? Write your recommendations, add photos and diagrams, ask questions in the comments section below.