In connection with the regular increase in the cost of heat carriers, alternative heating methods are becoming popular. For example, a practical heat pump air-water, air for heating uses energy. Installation does not require any expensive consumables, easy to operate, safe.
Due to the considerable cost of the unit, factory assembled many have an interest in self-construction of the system. We will tell you that it will take handyman for a device of homemade heat pump. You know what technical means should be reserved.
The content of the article:
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Features thermal air-water system
- Specificity of the application and operation
- The operating principle of the system
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The construction of a heat pump air-water
- Assembling the outdoor unit
- Block heat exchanger-evaporator
- compressor installation rules
- Construction of the storage capacitance (capacitor)
- Compound external unit with the evaporator
- A compound of the evaporator, the compressor and the tank
- The introduction of plant control systems
- Calculation of the power of the heat pump air-water
- Service makeshift installation
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Features thermal air-water system
The heat pump, which is the subject of this article, unlike other versions of this device (in particular, water-water and soil-water), it has a number of advantages:
- save electricity;
- for the installation does not require large-scale earthworks, drilling wells, obtaining special permits;
- if you connect the system to the solar cells, it is possible to ensure its full autonomy.
Weighty advantage of thermal systems, wind energy extracting and transmitting its water is an absolute environmental safety.
Before embarking on the design of the pump, you need to find out in which cases, the system behaves as efficiently as possible and when its use is inappropriate.
The heat pump system, which extracts energy from the air mass can be used to heat all types of coolants that are used in the CIS: water, air, steam
Specificity of the application and operation
The heat pump works efficiently only in a temperature range from -5 to +7 degrees. At temperatures from 7 system will produce more heat than is necessary, and the exponent below -5 - enough for heating. This is due to the fact that the concentrated freon, is in the structure, boils at a temperature of -55 degrees.
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When the device of the heat pump air water appears on the facade of a house small size neat device
Like any heat pump, air-water system is composed of two interconnected parts: internal and external
Located inside the house equipment unit processes borrowed from the energy of the air, for heating the water heating circuit and hot water
If necessary to increase the system performance is complemented by an external complex required number of modules
Heat pumps air-water cope well with hot water that is involved in heating
Air heating systems provide water warm water bathrooms and kitchens of private homes with autonomous engineering systems
One of the most common consumers of energy heat pump air-water - Radiant Floor Heating
To the heat pump as a low-temperature energy source connected contours
Installing air heat pump water
The components of air-water system
The indoor unit air-water system
Constituent external pump unit
The heat pump in the steam and hot water heating systems
Preparation of water for delivery to DHW
Warm floor - one of the main consumers
Devices low-temperature heating circuits
Theoretically, the system can generate heat, and in the 30-degree cold, but it is not enough for heating, after heating capacity depends on the difference between the refrigerant temperature and the boiling point air.
Therefore, residents of the northern region, where the cold is earlier, this system will not work, and in the homes of the Southern regions it will be able to effectively serve a few cold months.
, The heat pump works less efficiently if the room set standard battery. Best of all unit air-water combined with other convectors and radiators with a large area, as well as systems "warm floor", "Warm wall" type of water.
Also, the room itself should be well insulated from the outside, have a built-in multi-chamber windows that provide better insulation than conventional wood or plastic.
The heat pump is best interacts with the water system "warm floors" without requiring heating of the coolant over 40 - 45º C
self-made Heat pump can effectively heat the home to an area of 100 square meters. m and guaranteed to issue capacity is 5 kW. It should be understood that the Freon can not sufficiently fill in qualitative structure created in the domestic environment, so should be calculated at its boiling point to -22 degrees.
home-built device is ideal for providing a warm garage, greenhouses, barns, a small private pool and etc. The system is normally used as supplementary heating.
electric boiler or other conventional equipment for the heating season need anyway. During severe frost (-15-30 ° C) it is recommended to turn off the heat pump to avoid wastage of electricity, because its effectiveness is not more than 10% in this period.
Heat pumps deliver enough energy to heat the water in the indoor private swimming pools (+)
The operating principle of the system
Tools substance design - air. Through the outdoor unit, which is mounted outside, the pipes oxygen enters the evaporator, where it interacts with the refrigerant.
Freon under temperature becomes gaseous (as boils at -55 degrees) and heated in a pressure enters the compressor. The device compresses the gas, thereby increasing its temperature.
Hot Freon enters the storage tank circuit (condenser) wherein heat return water takes place, which can then be used for heating and organizations FGP. In the condenser Freon loses only part of its heat, and is still in the gaseous state.
Passing through the reactor, the coolant is sprayed, whereby its temperature falls. Freon becomes liquid and in this way passes into the evaporator. The cycle is repeated.
The figure schematically shows the implementation of an elementary heat pump principle, the compressor and the expander divided into two circuits - high and low pressure
Those who wish to build their own Heat pump of your old junk materials and equipment, for example, from an old refrigerator, will help the information contained in our recommended paper.
The construction of a heat pump air-water
The heat pump system consists of four basic elements:
- the outdoor unit;
- evaporation capacity of the heat exchanger;
- unit for the compressor;
- the storage capacitance (capacitor).
Consider the particular design of each of the blocks.
Assembling the outdoor unit
To create an external unit will need:
- housing. The traditional approach of the unit under a split system, washing machines, other dimensional technology, sometimes by constructing their own welding metallic elements. It is important after the assembly process the metal anti-corrosion paint powder type.
- Fan. The product can be borrowed from the old working air conditioning systems or purchased separately.
fan model must have extensive plastic blades and, preferably, with a detachable motor, to enable it to connect to the sensor.
To assemble the outdoor unit need housing and the fan out of the air conditioning system. Exemplary block parameters - see 75h85h30
The outdoor unit can be installed evaporator and auxiliary elements for its operation, but it is more expedient to place these components in a single housing.
Install the outdoor unit at a distance of 2-10 m from the house. It is important to build a foundation under it and put a canopy to protect the structure from rain. It is also necessary to secure the front of the fan grille to avoid getting dirt, debris, leaves the fan blades and pipes.
Additionally, it is desirable to install heaters, and a sidewall panel protecting against icing. In this case, additional heating of the body is not required. Location for the installation must be well ventilated, stay away from open flames.
Block heat exchanger-evaporator
The evaporator can be purchased off the shelf, using the service provider network, or create your own. For this need 80-liter tank and a copper wire of 10 mm in diameter and not less than 1 mm thick.
The length is calculated individually depending on the required power. For device 5 kW can take 10 m. The heating and evaporator refrigerant circulation will occur, as well as contact with air.
To create a need to construct a heat exchanger coil. For this purpose the wire is wrapped around the thick-walled pipe with a diameter no greater than the width of the tank. It is important to leave sections extending beyond the height of the housing. They need to connect the coil to the other elements of the system - the compressor and storage tank.
To create a serpentine copper tube with walls about 1 mm is wrapped around the gas bottle, pipes or plastic bottle filled with water
The housing 2 slams fitting for connecting pipes, to create two output connectors for wire. Connections sealed. Krepjat finished design using L-shaped brackets.
It is recommended to additionally install an evaporator defrost relay as tank air circulation will occur, which is a negative temperature. In this case, the condensate accumulating in the system can lead to icing of the evaporator. Also, to prevent moisture formation, can be incorporated into the filter drier system.
compressor installation rules
To install the compressor need a separate housing with sound- and vibration isolation, since virtually all modifications device noise during operation. Compressor can take b / y from under the refrigerator, air conditioner or buy a new model.
The following types of compressors are suitable for heat pumps:
- rotary compressors are the most inexpensive, but have a number of disadvantages - noise, have low efficiency and are 8-10 years old.
- spiral modifications installed in all current models of air conditioners, refrigerators. They are long-lived (15-20 years), noiseless, efficient, but quite expensive.
- piston model advantageously set for industrial refrigerators. Products have a good efficiency, long-life (15-20 years), but it is very noisy and expensive.
For the heat pump compressor is necessary to choose a single-phase modification. Before buying it is important to know which kind of freon running device. It is advisable to purchase a model that works on the R22, better at R422. With this type of refrigerant is easier to work than with any other kind of freon.
The compressor unit is connected to the tubes of the evaporator and condenser. Thanks to the device Freon increases its temperature.
Construction of the storage capacitance (capacitor)
To manufacture the capacitor need housing from the boiler 100-liter stainless steel or any other tank of the same volume. Also needed coil made of copper tubes. At the pump power of 5 kW is possible to take a 12-meter wire. On serpentine tube will be hot freon, so there is water heating.
Step №1: Creating a coil
For the manufacture of copper wire coils need diameter not less than 26 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. It must be wound on a tube having a smaller cross section than that of the tank.
The height of the helix should coincide with the height of the housing. It is important to leave the exhaust hose outside the tank to be able to connect the coil to the evaporator and the compressor.
Step №2: Training Corps
To install the coil must be cut tank. Top and bottom need to create holes for the output of copper wire, and cut additional compartments for installation 2 fittings, one of which is designed to release water and other - for her input. After the tank is necessary to seal the previous procedure.
The heat exchanger compressor can be purchased separately as a finished design. With factory assembled devices can increase the capacity and efficiency of the installation.
Refrigerant R22 labeled in accordance with the provisions of the Montreal 2030 is scheduled to withdraw from circulation. To fill the system to use a substitute better - refrigerant R422
Compound external unit with the evaporator
For connecting the outdoor unit and the evaporator will require two polyethylene pipes HDPE 32. After one air pipe will pass through the other - to go.
Pipes can be buried in the ground, in the trench refilled pre any gritty material, or left on the surface if the outer casing is located near the home.
A compound of the evaporator, the compressor and the tank
In this system, Freon circulates. To attach a coil to the compressor and the throttle, you must contact the experts at refrigeration. A person having no experience in soldering, even with tools and materials will be difficult to correctly combine all the elements into a single system to ensure that the work of construction.
Moreover, it needs a lot of additional material - tubes of various diameters, various modifications drain taps, Valves for air etching, safety valves and pipe clips, clamps, cutters cutting sections of the pipeline.
Will be needed, and other specialized devices, which are available in any shop for repair of refrigerators and air conditioners.
Quality pumping Freon is also carried out using special equipment. Therefore, for the association of heat exchangers, a compressor and a throttle in the working system easier and more profitable to turn to professionals.
The introduction of plant control systems
To monitor the pressure and temperature of refrigerant charge can be used with a display out of all the air conditioner. In the process of soldering with the help of specialists design can be properly implemented in the installation.
It is also possible to connect a special device - the fan sensor. It regulates the speed of rotation of the blades, and the revolutions of the circulation pump automates freon.
Additionally, you can set a timer, elektropuskatelDevice, protecting the compressor from overheating. All these items can be purchased at repair shops or in the aftermarket.
Calculation of the power of the heat pump air-water
For heating premises with an area of 100 square meters. m require more power the heat pump. Calculate the required capacity of the plant can be about using the table:
These tables will help to calculate the area of the coil to create an installation of one or another power
To determine how much power should be in the compressor pipe diameters which should be used and other important information when constructing the heat pump air-water, it is necessary to contact one of ways:
- Use online calculators posted on the website of manufacturers of heat exchangers.
- Apply software CoolPack 1,46, Copeland.
- Invite a professional who will make the necessary measurements and calculations.
Area-condenser coil (PCO) Can be calculated by the formula:
PCO = M / 0,8DT,
where M - Fitting power in kW; 0.8 - thermal conduction coefficient of copper and the contact of water; DT - temperature difference between incoming and outgoing air in the system.
heat pump parameters given above, suitable for containing up to 100 kV. meters. plant capacity - 5 kW. If you acquire any special heat exchangers, it is possible to increase the capacity of the plant up to 10-15 kW.
The figure shows a system in which heat exchangers, a compressor, a throttle are combined in a single tank. factory exchangers (+) are used for construction
Service makeshift installation
For optimum performance, the heat pump requires additional maintenance. If the device is used in winter (given that the additional heating is not installed in the housing), the periodically block will warm, because its surface is formed icy crust.
You will also need:
- Clean the fan blades from debris - leaves, dust, dirt, snow, etc.
- Producing compressor lubricant according to the instructions thereto.
- Change the oil in the compressor and fan.
In addition, for normal operation of the system must regularly check the integrity of copper tubing, power cable, feed compressor, fan and other devices.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
With the principle of action and the heat pump device, the processing power of the wind, introduces the next video:
Homemade heat pump air-water system is an effective and inexpensive device for housing additional heating. Manufacture and install this system anyone can.
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