Personphysicallynotcanalltimestayatboiler roomforcontrolserviceabilitylinesheating, temperatureindicatorsandlevelpressureheatinginstrument. The mainassistantsatthisissueareadditionaldevices, automaticallytrackingfunctioningsystem.
We will tell you which device comprises a groupsecurityonheating, how they act, how to protect the system. Given our tips you can pick up the necessary components without problems. The article describes the build rules and connection of this important link, is responsible for trouble-free operation.
The content of the article:
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Safety block device
- Why did the accident happen?
- Automatic air arrester
- Pressure Gauge - accurate measure of pressure
- Features safety valve
- The operating principle of the safety block
- Equipment selection rules
- Rating popular models
- Putting their own security unit
- Connection to the heating system
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Safety block device
The main reason for failure of the closed type boiler systems - high blood pressure or excessive filling of the coolant conduit, ie.. water. The heat exchanger of the boiler - the first device responsive to such variations, so he goes down.
Why did the accident happen?
To avoid such failures in the heating system uses the security unit. With it reached the required heat medium pressure in the boiler conduit and batteries.
At the time of the excellency of the pressure produced shedding surplus heated heat carrier. Emergency conditions, such as overheating of the hot water boiler, - lead to a pressure increase in the line. This process is a consequence of excess temperature of the heat carrier standards.
When heating the liquid tends to expand, in which the heating system of the closed type is not designed - as an additional reserve to include its contour expansion tank. However, its scope is also limited.
Any heating system is under pressure. For low-rise buildings properly installed devices providing the coolant by passing heating and cooling cycles, a pressure of 1-2 bar
A consequence of the increased pressure becomes failure of elements of the boiler and the manifold rupture. To control the pressure and adjust it to the optimum value will need to be mounted security group upon the occurrence of a potentially dangerous situation.
Structurally, the device is formed of the following modules: an automatic air vent valve, pressure gauge and pressure relief valve. All these devices are mounted in a galvanized steel casing with threaded connectors, with insulation or without it.
Automatic air arrester
In most cases, the automatic air valve for security is made of brass.
The air bubbles in the heating system are due to the following factors:
- initial liquid filling the heat pipe;
- installation of defective or worn rubber seals;
- corrosive coating clogging within the conduit;
- makeup water;
- product incorrect installation or commissioning of the heating system and others.
The water flowing into the heating circuit, contains a lot of oxygen, which begins to expand by heating, forming air pockets. Due to their increased formation pressure and coolant flow rate decelerates.
Automatic type deaerator has a special design of the air chamber: dirt particles can not get inside, and due to the large volume of the air chamber blocking the vent problem persists channel
To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to install an automatic device for air discharge, it is easy in operation - it does not need to be adjusted on human subjects.
The operating principle of adaptation is entirely dependent on the design features. Automatic device consists of a channel and the valve. The second element is responsible for removal of excess air. If the pipeline is not too much pressure, the float is in a raised position, and the needle valve in the position "closed".
At the time of the formation of air pockets, the float will sink and opens the valve rocker - so the air is discharged from the system. After removal of excess float returns to its initial position and the valve is closed again.
Pressure Gauge - accurate measure of pressure
Operation of the pressure gauge is intended for measurement Heating system pressure. This unit is designed to provide timely, checking and adjusting the permissible degree of performance. Its main feature - the definition of accurate data.
In second place is such a quality as reliability. Some important and the size of the dial for easy viewing readings. Each pointer mechanism has its inaccuracy in measurement. This error is scattered as follows: it has a maximum value at the center to the edges of the scale - the minimum.
On the gauge there are two arrows: red and black. The first points to the actual data, the second set on the mark for the critical systems
For each heating mechanism in the accompanying documentation is registered maximum allowable pressure, which it is able to withstand. As the measuring units used in bars or gauges atmosphere. However, widespread got the first measurement option.
Bars have an intermediate value and as close to the physical and technical atmospheres:
- 1 bar = 10,197 m water column or 0.1 MPa
- Technical atmosphere (1 atm) = 10 m water column
- Physical atmosphere (1 atm) = 10.33 m water column
Indicator 1.5 atmosphere - a standard value of pressure in the pipes independent heating systems. Therefore, for independent boiler gauge will be sufficient, with a maximum (full scale) to 4 atmospheres.
The maximum pressure for which the calculated pressure gauges - 10 atmospheres. the market also presents devices for 8, 6 and 4 atmospheres
Features safety valve
In the heating system safety valve plays an important role. This is a safety device designed to heat sources. The main function - removal of load (drops) in the event of unplanned situations. The most urgent this problem is for heating the steam type.
However, high blood pressure can occur, and because of such problems:
- Due to the failure of the automatic volume coolant may exceed the exposure guideline.
- The rapid rise in temperature indicators in the circuit.
Also, this device is peculiar to regulate the flow coolant in the heating line. This embossed structure consisting of a brass body, equipped with two parts - the membrane and the steel spring. Typically, at the time of tripping the fuse for the normalization of heating necessary to remove about 100 g of a heated fluid.
Safety valve made of brass can withstand the temperature conditions of the heat carrier to 120 ° C. Stock and helical spring in the device are made of stainless steel
Due to the flexibility of the first member is set desired pressure coefficient, acting on the membrane. Consequently, the diaphragm performs barring of access to the outside. By varying the degree of compression of the spring in the safety gate control functions performed protective mechanism in the heating system.
Configure protective mechanisms necessary so that the maximum possible rate of pressure was more working at 15%. The process control valve is performed each year eve heating period.
Legal capacity of the device is checked its forced opening. Make it worth at regular intervals to reset the mechanism is not obstructed by various deposits, while in the rest position.
When checking the safety valve forced ejection of the thermal medium is performed using a special pen. On the device indicated by the arrow hot air outlet direction
With the features of action and install a safety valve for a boiler acquaint next articleIn which details are shown disassembled device and mounting the circuit.
The operating principle of the safety block
Safety group works on the simple scheme where each module is responsible for the exposure norms of certain indicators in a private boiler:
- Due to its convenient gage user can control the pressure reading at the time of filling the coolant line, and in the operation of the boiler.
- Safety valve prevents the heat source from the critical pressure drop.
- The main functional deaerator based on an automatic air descent falling in line with its initial filling or during operation.
All safety modules are represented by a single link and staffed by a special body - the collector.
Provided that in the scheme of the boiler is used expansion tank open, the installation of security group It does not make sense - the line pressure equal to atmospheric pressure, and excess air exit the system through the vessel tank.
Regardless of the type of boiler used (solid fuel, gas, diesel) - protecting unit is considered basic emergency response element closed heating systems, which tend to operate with excess pressure
Equipment selection rules
For each model, the protective unit in the accompanying documentation prescribed parameters for which it was designed.
The main criteria that influence the choice of the device:
- thermal and technical characteristics of the boiler, which designed the machine, kW;
- maximum temperature coolant mode, ° C;
- nominal pressure;
- compatibility with the coolant - water, steam or antifreeze;
- the diameter of the connecting thread - a mismatch will be enough to buy adapters required diameter.
Proper selection of the security module power boiler provides protection from any malfunction of the heating circuit.
Rating popular models
Among the production companies involved in the development of the safety valves, can be identified such popular company: Watts and Valtec. Watts is famous manufacturer rather extensive assortment of instruments close to the heating system, among which occupies an important place security unit.
KSG series has various devices threaded body that differ in their size (from standard to compact) and producing pictures:
- cast iron;
- steel;
- brass.
In addition, some models are supplied with insulation shells. For aggregates of typical equipment KSG line relief valve, designed for the critical pressure of 3 bar. Mounting of the heating line is made by connector 1 inch diameter with an internal thread.
Lineup Watts KSG company, dedicated to the operation of the circuit with the boiler heat generators with a capacity of 50-200 kW
Company Valtec not inferior to the quality of its products the previous brand. Presented by the instrument line for boiler and expansion tank - a series of VT 460 and VT 495, respectively.
Lineup VT 460 is designed for operation with the heater household power to 44 kW at a maximum pressure of 3 bar. However, prices for finished equipment is not cheap, so appropriate decision can be called self-assembly of the block.
The company develops Valtec protective blocks for any kind of heat sources. A characteristic feature of the series VT 460 is a package of security modules in the group brass body with compact dimensions
Putting their own security unit
In the manufacture of the safety unit should not be difficult.
To start the process you need to prepare the following modules and tools:
- relief valve;
- pressure gauge;
- air vent;
- wrench;
- Gas keys;
- gon with two threaded connection of external and internal type;
- fitting;
- cross;
- adapters;
- sealant;
- Sanitary flax for sealing and sealing compounds.
Initially, elbows must be screwed into the crossbar. For joining dense linen strands are wound on the thread in the clockwise direction, the distribution of the seal surface should be the same.
The cost of self-produced safety unit for the heating system is approximately twice less than proposed in the analogue market
Top filaments covered with a thin layer of sealant. Next, using a wrench screwed squares the crossbar perpendicular to one another.
Now you need to install a pressure gauge, safety valve and air vent. If parts of different diameter, the relevant adapters. After the final assembly of all modules work mechanism to check pressure - the device should not leak, and all parts are in working order.
Connection to the heating system
The first step is to correctly identify the place of installation safety group.
There are certain requirements that must be met:
- it should be a horizontal portion of the duct near the heat source;
- in the supply line after the boiler;
- In some boilers, the setting of the security unit directly on the unit itself, for this top of the heat generator has a special connector;
- away from the heater to the protective unit must not exceed 1.5 meters, may be less;
- pipe extending vertically upward from the boiler, e.g., to the next floor, it is necessary to equip branching. This is done using the corner so that the safety band could stay in a horizontal plane and viewed aggregates "heads up";
- for a very powerful boiler may need another protective arrangement unit.
A very important rule is to be performed - shut-off valve between the safety unit and boiler mounted. It is expedient to install the protective unit before the first shut-off valve disposed on the line.
To avoid injury when checking or actuation of the safety valve in the presence of a person to be connected with the drain tube apparatus and bring it into the sewers
It should be a timely test the functionality of the safety valve. This procedure is performed using the following method: - after installation open the cap in the direction of the arrow on the instrument.
After the installation of the protective device, you must check the correctness of all modules. To start operation of deaeration required to unscrew the top cap and bled. Now the cover is returned to its original position, but the unit should be left ajar.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Video # 1. As with their hands to gather safety group for heating:
Video # 2. Rules for Setting the security module:
Video # 3. Connection security node to the polypropylene feed pipe:
Many believe that the protective unit refers to an ordinary devices, and its installation is not necessary. However, the neglect of this issue will not be able to defend itself and the thermal heating unit system from breaking as a result of a sharp rise in pressure, which is quite frequent in the closed circuit phenomenon.
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