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Late blight
One of the most common diseases of plants is late blight. It, as a rule, affects vegetable crops, such as potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants. There are cases of infection with late blight, even flowers, for example, violets. Cowarene is late blight for citrus plants and even for strawberries. The cause of the disease is the fungus Phytophthora infestans. He penetrates deeply into the plant, causing him immense harm.
To recognize late blight is very easy. Leaves of infected plants begin to acquire a brownish-brown color. Especially this unusual color is well manifested after the rain with the onset of warm weather. The sun for late blight is a kind of catalyst. As a result, the plant blackens and gradually dies.
Plants infected with phytophthora mold are not suitable for use. Potato tubers acquire a gray color, and when cut, potato is brownish-brown. The fact that the plant is infected can be identified by the potato tops, which instead of a luscious green color acquires a brown tint. In this case, it is necessary to cut the tops urgently, and the potatoes should be welled up. If the disease has not reached the tubers, then there is still a chance to save the harvest. The infected tops should be destroyed, but in no case should not be thrown on the compost pit.
Preventive work from late blight should be carried out with tomatoes. It is best at the early stage of plant growth to treat it with special preparations from phytophthora, or 1% Bordeaux fluid. You can also prepare a soap solution consisting of 20 g of copper sulfate, 200 g of laundry soap. Dissolve them in 10 liters of water. It is best to conduct procedures in sunny weather.
Spider mite
To notice with a naked eye a spider mite on a plant is almost impossible because of its small size, but it brings a lot of damage to plants. It can penetrate everywhere with the help of an air stream on a web. Especially comfortable spider mite feels in the greenhouse, where all conditions are created for it. This is a high temperature of the air, a lot of sunlight.
Infection with a spider mite is susceptible to many plants, for example, cucumbers. The diseased plant on the leaves will have bright spots, and then - spotted marbling. This is a sign that the female of a spider mite has already laid eggs. To save the plant from the pest, it is necessary first of all to use special means designed to combat mites. For example, "Bikol" or "Bitoksibatsillin." If these are not at hand, then cucumbers can be sprinkled with infusion, prepared from potato leaves.
The main condition: the tops should not be infected with phytophthora. The infusion is prepared as follows: 1 kg of green, healthy tops are well ground, placed in a container and filled with 10 liters of water. Mix enough to infuse for 3-4 hours, after which it is ready for action.
Big damage to a spider mite can bring to immature plants, for example, seedlings of pepper, eggplant, tomatoes. In this regard, it is necessary to carefully consider the young leaves of plants, especially on the reverse side. If a thin web is discovered, it is necessary to spray the sprouts with special preparations.
Scab
Very often, on the skin of apples, pears, potatoes you can see dark, dry, unpleasant to the touch stains. This is a consequence of the microscopic fungus parasite-scab.
The scab penetrates into the plant, it is capable of infecting all its parts: leaves, fruits, stems and even flowers. Under the influence of the disease, the fruits are heavily deformed, the leaves weaken, they shatter before the term. They should be immediately cleaned, and when they dry up a little - burn, since it is on the leaves that pathogens can overwinter.
The disease progresses particularly badly in wet weather. This is due to the fact that the spores of the parasitic fungus develop in a droplet-liquid medium. That is why, if spring and summer are rainy, when harvesting, for example, potatoes, a lot of tubers are stricken.
However, unlike the phytophthora disease, the potato with the scab is usable. Do not get infected from each other scab, for example, the fruits of apple and pear.
Nevertheless, the scab should be fought. For this, plants are best sprayed with Bordeaux liquid or,%, with a solution of copper chloride.
