Sometimes there are interruptions in the flow of hot water. To protect yourself from this, as well as save on its payment, you have to buy boilers. Now you will find out what types of water heaters are, their design differences, the principle of operation, disadvantages and advantages. We will also consider the device of the boiler.
Content:
- Types of Boilers
- Principle of operation and boiler circuit
- The device of an electric boiler (video)
Types of Boilers
Boilers can work on gas, from electricity, from several types of fuel (combined), there are also indirect units. The models of heaters differ in how they heat the water, according to the location in the room, by the way the combustion chamber is arranged.
Fuel type
Electrical units differ from gas units in that the water in them is heated by a heater installed inside the heater, while the latter uses a burner for this purpose.
The most common in everyday life is electrical equipment, despite the fact that it has several disadvantages:
- less power;
- long duration of heating water;
- higher cost of energy source.
The distribution of electric water heaters is primarily due to the fact that for installation gas boilers need to receive additional permissions, collect a package of documents, mount a chimney etc.
Another type of heaters - a device with indirect heating, has its own differences compared to the models described above. To prepare water, it takes thermal energy from external sources, for example, boilers or a centralized heating system. Therefore, the installation of an indirect heating boiler is desirable next to these systems.
Combined boilers operate perfectly on several types of fuel - electricity, gas, briquettes. Their difference from the previous ones is in the presence of their own heating element.
Heating method
According to the heating method, boilers are divided into flow and storage. In the first case, water does not accumulate inside the unit, which means that there is no storage tank in it. It immediately heats up and enters the faucet.
In the second case, water from the water supply system is always pumped into one of the tank sections at the moment when it is consumed from the other. The volume of the storage tank is 80, and 240 and 320 liters. And this means that it is important to install them in the case when large volumes of water are required and periodic drops are observed with its flow.
Installation location
There are wall or floor mounted boilers for sale.
Wall models have:
- compact sizes;
- smaller tank volume (storage devices);
- they are cheaper.
When you need a lot of water (from 50 liters per day), it is better to take steps to install the floor unit.
They have:
- tanks up to 1000 liters;
- convenient in operation;
- there are horizontal or vertical locations.
Camera type
A gas or combined boiler can have one of two combustion chambers - open or closed. In the first case, the air for burning fuel comes naturally from the room. Used products are thrown into the chimney into the street.
Boilers with a closed combustion chamber are in many ways preferable. Combustion air is forced from the street through a coaxial chimney and combustion products are also forcibly removed.
The advantages of the system are that the indoor microclimate remains untouched, while in the case of open the combustion chamber often lacks oxygen in the apartment and there is a state of suffocation in some tenants.
Good to know:
- How to choose the right water heater for your home: https://sovetexpert.ru/kak-vybrat-vodonagrevatel.html
- Detailed instructions for beginners: how to connect a water heater to the water supply.
- What are the criteria choose a gas column? Advice from professionals.
Principle of operation and boiler circuit
The device of a boiler for heating water is not complicated. Depending on the type of unit, it is slightly different.
Gas boiler
The main elements are:
- steel case with various types of coating;
- tank;
- thermal insulation layer that prevents heat loss;
- exhaust hood that blocks the return flow of combustion products;
- heat exchanger;
- fuel consumption sensor;
- gas-burner;
- protection system to prevent gas entry in the event of a malfunction
- Control block.
Principle of operation:
- The tank has an outlet and an inlet for hot and cold water.
- Under pressure created in the water supply system, water enters the boiler tank and heats up.
- When hot water is taken, cold water immediately enters the tank from below and is heated again to a predetermined temperature.
Electric boiler
The principle of operation and the design of an electric type water heater are not much different from a gas one.
Its main elements are:
- housing;
- hot and cold water supply tubes;
- thermal insulation layer;
- adjustable thermostat;
- water tank;
- thermometer;
- heating element - TEN;
- valves - check and safety.
Operational diagram of a storage electric type boiler
Similar to that used in gas. The difference is that the water entering the tank is heated by ten, which becomes hot when electric energy is supplied to it. If there is no tank, the heat carrier heats up instantly and is immediately consumed for needs.
In general, the storage water heater and the instantaneous water heater differ only in the capacity.
Indirect type water heater
The device of the indirect heating boiler is as follows:
- housing;
- storage tank;
- thermometer;
- heat exchanger;
- entrance and exit for water;
- a heating element;
- control sensors;
- pump;
- automation system;
- valves.
Indirect heating boiler works as follows:
- The heat carrier enters the heat exchanger from an external source.
- Passing through it, he gives off heat to the water that is in the boiler.
- The pump is responsible for the circulation, which is automatically driven by the system.
- Heated water is supplied to households when opening the tap.
Combined electric boiler
The device of the combined thermostat differs from the indirect one in that an additional heater is installed inside it. Thus, the coolant inside the tank can be heated both by its own heating element, and from an external coolant.
The principle of operation of the boiler does not differ from that presented earlier.
Knowledge of the boiler device will help correctly and without problems clean any water heater yourself.
The device of an electric boiler (video)
What parts the device consists of and what they are can be seen after watching a video clip. You will definitely understand the internal "filling" of all water heaters.
As it has already become clear, there are no significant differences in the design and operation of water heaters. They differ only in the fuel used and on the basis of this, the heating method.
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