Due to the continuous improvement of lighting systems, and develop technologies that underlie svetogeneratsii. Today the market offers a wide variety of lighting the same incandescent lamps, gas discharge lamps, LED, etc. Because of constant disputes, which one is better, in this article we compare incandescent and LED bulbs.
Content
- Comparison of structural features
- compared settings
- Power and light output
- heat irradiation
- efficiency
- Life time
- Environmentally friendly
- cost of
- emission spectrum
- Summary comparison table
Comparison of structural features
The first models of light bulbs that use tungsten filament to emit light, appeared in the late 18th century. Structurally, the incandescent lamp has two pins on the base, which connect the filament sequentially includes electrical network.
The principle of operation of these light sources has not changed until today:
- of the glass bulb is evacuated to create an environment closer to vacuum;
- when applied to the filament voltage, the light flux fiber heating to red-hot condition;
- due to lack of space surrounding particles that create an obstacle to the free exit of heated electrons occurs fairly intense light radiation.
More than a hundred years the use of this technology has changed only the form design and efficiency incandescent.
The first light-emitting diodes as the source of at least some of the visible light flux emerged in the 60s of the last century. And only in this century we have learned to type semiconductor elements in the matrix for structured lighting led.
Structurally, the LED lamp resembles a lamp Ilyich, but unlike the latter comprises:
- several semiconductor elements;
- capacitor;
- chip (current stabilizer).
All these details are located in the standard case and necessary for the stable operation of the device. The operation is based on the isolation of the elementary particles on passing an electric current through the p-n junction.
compared settings
To understand the efficacy of each of the types of light bulbs, it is necessary to compare their performance in the most relevant categories. Let us examine them in more detail for the traditional lamas and their LED counterparts.
Power and light output
Like any electrical appliance, and LEDAnd incandescent lamps consume a certain amount of power, resulting in an luminous bulb. Under light output is to be understood the ratio of the light issued to the volume of consumed electricity. This parameter is the best measure of the efficiency of the work of any instrument lighting.
In devices with filament light output performance in the order of 8 - 10Lm / W. This means that from each electric power consumed watt incandescent lamp gives 8 or 10 lumens. LED, in turn, can give from 90 to 120Lm / W. As you can see, to get, say, the same 500 lumens for ambient light you will need to use at least 50W lamp incandescent, while an average of LED devices need to spend just 5W, so the last received an official status energy-saving lamps.
However, it should be noted that over time, the LEDs burn out, because of which the brightness is reduced significantly. While the filament produces constant parameter until burnout.
heat irradiation
Due to the presence of the ohmic resistance in the lamp elements there is a collision directional flow of charged particles with the metal molecules. As a result of the collision to the surroundings thermal energy is released. Therefore, in addition to the direct purpose lighting devices serve as the heating element.
In terms of traditional heat bulb can be heated to a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. In these figures there is a high likelihood of ignition in the case of local heating of flammable materials in contact with the glass bulb. Therefore incandescent isolated using diffusers of non-combustible heat resistant materials. Also do not forget that on contact with the hot surface of a person can get burned.
LED lamps have a low heat, they are heated to no more than 50 ° C. Therefore, their heating temperature is no threat to any surrounding objects or humans.
efficiency
No less important indicator is the efficiency. With regard to the lighting efficiency of the device shows what percentage of electricity consumed from the network has been revised in the light, in other words, it has been used for its intended purpose. So in devices with a filament electrical current consumed for heating of the metal, and after reaching the desired temperature occurs for light separation infrared radiation. This thread is constantly heated technology, and only then to shine, so the efficiency of incandescent lamps is only 5 - 15%.
Y LED devices due to the design efficiency of the LED is about 90%. Significantly outperforming not only the models with a filament, but also halogen and fluorescent lamps.
Life time
The duration of operation of any light bulb is measured in hours - the time of use for the instrument illumination, after which it goes to the system because of the wear elements. For incandescent lamps, the figure is about one thousand hours, while LED can function normally 50 thousand hours. What is the advantage of solid-state models of nearly 50 times.
However, it should be noted that the durability of the LED depends strongly on the quality of the voltage supplied from the network and pulsation ratio. That domestic companies still leave much to be desired.
Environmentally friendly
Due to the emission of harmful substances into the environment, many bulbs can significantly affect the human environment. But no LED or incandescent lamp does not have a particularly harmful components that may affect the natural resources, in contrast to the same fluorescent or halogen lamps.
cost of
Perhaps this is the only option, in which the bulb can be displayed in unequivocal leaders. The average cost of an incandescent lamp varies between 20 - 50 rubles, while the LED models will cost 300 - 500 rubles. How can state classic versions come in 10 times less semiconductor counterparts. But, alas, despite winning the competition for the best price of incandescent bulbs can not be called the undisputed leader in terms of benefits, as their lifespan is 50 times lower.
From what we can conclude that the high cost of LED devices more than compensated by the length of their work and performance.
emission spectrum
Determines the color rendering of objects within the area of human visibility. So the lower the The color temperature level, The greater the perception of the objects around us will be shifted to the red and orange tones. With an increase in temperature of the color spectrum, the visible objects will be perceived in blue and violet colors.
In incandescent glow temperature is in the range of 2700 - 3000K. But the LED device capable of delivering radiation spectrum in any range that is realized in the bulbs of the cold and warm light. Recently, this function can be adjusted on some LEDs, thereby illuminating device capable of producing spectrum as in fluorescent lamps, and after switching the lamp incandescent.
Summary comparison table
The following table shows the comparison of both types of lamps, of which clearly shows the advantage of the LED lighting devices.
| The parameter values | Incandescent lamps | LED bulbs |
| Efficiency | 8 - 10 lm / W | 90 - 120 lm / W |
| heat release | 150 - 250 ° C | No more than 50 ° C |
| efficiency | 5 – 15% | 90% |
| Lifetime | 1000 hours | 50,000 hours |
| Sensitivity to temperature | Present on some models | absent |
| Instantaneous operation when the | Instantly | In some models, there is a delay due to the electronics |
| Security at break | debris flown apart | is safe |
| mechanical strength | Keep from shock and pressure | Not afraid, can work even without bulb |
