Do-it-yourself ventilation in a frame house: rules for arranging an air exchange system in a "frame"

During the construction of a frame house, it is very important to timely establish a full-fledged air exchange in the premises. Competently equipped ventilation will help to form an optimal microclimate inside the building that meets sanitary standards. The system will warn and exclude the settling of fungus on finishing and building structures.

You will learn how to install ventilation in a frame house with your own hands from the article we have proposed. We will tell you all about the types of systems that provide a regular change of air mass in a confined space. We will tell you which type is better to choose for installation in a frame-type building.

Our recommendations will come in handy for home craftsmen who decide to assemble a ventilation system with their own hands for equipping a country house with a reliable and trouble-free operating system.

Ventilation system device

The tightness of the building, which is an indisputable advantage and ensures the heat and water tightness of the building, is at the same time an obstacle to the penetration of fresh air. It also impedes the outflow of excess moisture and carbon dioxide generated in the process of life of people living in the house.

Any ventilation system consists of 3 main parts, regardless of the presence or absence of additional devices and mechanisms, these are:

1. Supply ducts and / or openings.
2. Exhaust ducts and / or openings.
3. Overflow, overflow grids, holes, gaps.

The supply ducts provide fresh air from the street to the house, which is supplied directly to the living quarters. From the street side, a grating is installed on each channel. In the case of mechanization, it is replaced by a supply valve equipped with an air filter and noise insulation.

Exhaust ducts are used to remove stagnant "exhaust" air saturated with carbon dioxide, moisture and other volatile components harmful to health. At the same time, the fumes generated in the house where people live are disposed of.

A well-designed hood, arranged in a frame house, must necessarily be in utility and utility rooms such as a kitchen, closet, bathroom, pantry, shower, toilet.

Overflow to ventilation system is needed so that the air entering the house can be freely distributed throughout all rooms.

If necessary, the main air flow channels are equipped with additional equipment - fans, recuperators, air heaters, hoods, measuring devices.

Fans are installed to achieve the required air exchange. They are chosen according to the technical characteristics after carrying out the necessary calculations, taking into account the volume of the room, the number of people living and other important input.

The recuperators are used to increase the temperature of the incoming air. Inside recuperator cold air is heated from the wall of the supply duct, which is in contact with the duct wall, which removes the heated used air from the room.

The use of recuperators significantly increases energy efficiency frame house.

In addition to ventilation of premises in a frame house, floor ventilation must be arranged without fail. For this, air vents are arranged in the underground space, and holes with a diameter of 0.04 m2 are cut in the floor itself. Floor ventilation can be carried out both through air ducts and without them

Ventilation device options

According to the principle of inducing air movement, all ventilation systems are divided into two types - natural and forced (they are also mechanical).

The term "natural ventilation" means that air circulation inside the house occurs naturally, without the involvement of extraneous devices and mechanisms. Air movement with this ventilation method is provided due to different pressures outside and inside the premises.

In turn, natural ventilation can also be divided into 2 groups - it can be organized or unorganized.

Unorganized ventilation is carried out through natural openings and cracks in the walls of the house, floor, foundations, window openings and frames. With the advent of sealed plastic windows and doors, natural air flow is provided through open vents, windows, balcony doors.

This type of ventilation does not require the cost of the device, but it also does not provide full ventilation of the frame house, leading to a significant loss of heat in the cold season.

Organized natural ventilation is carried out through dedicated ducts equipped with supply valves. An excellent example of organized natural ventilation are multi-storey residential buildings that have been in operation since the Soviet period.

The air inflow into them occurs through the cracks in the windows and vents, the hood through the ventilation shaft and the outlets connected to it, located in the kitchen and toilet.

In modern frame houses, this ventilation method is not efficient enough due to high humidity in the premises, due to the tightness of the building, in addition, it is too dependent on weather conditions and other related factors.

Unlike natural ventilation, forced (mechanical) ventilation is a controlled process that allows you to conserve heat and regulate the flow of air into wireframe.

Forced ventilation can be divided into 3 groups:

1. Exhaust.
2. Supply air.
3. Supply and exhaust.

The principle of each type is clear from the name itself. Exhaust forced ventilation is based on the natural flow of fresh air into the building, in this case, the exhaust of used air is carried out using roofing or wall fans.

Forced forced ventilation is arranged according to the reverse principle - air flow inside skeleton provided by fans built into walls or ducts. Exhaust air is discharged naturally through exhaust openings in kitchens and bathrooms.

The mechanical ventilation method provides a stable, weather-independent supply and exhaust air, such a system design allows you to achieve the most comfortable atmosphere inside the room, but requires accurate calculations during the design and subsequent adjustment of the finished systems.

In addition to the specified classification, ventilation systems can be divided by design, they can be ducted or channelless.

Feasibility of independent construction

Typically, the air exchange system of a frame house is included in the project and installed during the construction process. This method of arranging ventilation is preferable, since all the necessary calculations and application to the plan are made by the designer, and the system is being built by the team working at the construction site.

But experience shows that quite often situations arise when in an already built house there is a ventilation the system is absent or its capacity is insufficient, as a result of which an uncomfortable atmosphere.

Absence in skeleton ventilation can be determined by several pronounced signs:

• residents feel a lack of oxygen;
• odors are badly eroded;
• fungus appears on the walls.

In such cases, the owners of frame houses often decide to install the system air ducts on one's own. For a person with a baggage of knowledge and skills in construction, the presence of a tool, the construction of ventilation in a frame house is a fairly simple task.

To do this, you need to make the necessary calculations, draw up a project, purchase materials and perform installation. But if the owner skeleton not sure of his abilities and the correctness of the results of the calculations, it is better for him to hire a team of builders to work.

Stages of system construction

If the owner of a frame house decided to build a ventilation system on his own, he must adhere to a certain sequence of actions.

Selecting the type of ventilation

The ventilation system is chosen depending on how you plan to use the frame house. If the owner is going to live in it only in the warm season, it will be enough to install natural organized ventilation.

If the frame house will be operated all year round, natural organized ventilation will not be able to meet the needs of residents.

In this case, it is necessary to install a forced ventilation system that will be able to supply the required amount of fresh air inside the house, while simultaneously removing exhaust air containing harmful evaporation.

Calculations for design

The sanitary and hygienic standards for the need of people in fresh air have been established, according to which the owner of the frame structure must carry out calculations before installing the ventilation system:

• rest or sleep mode 20 m³/ч;
• activity without loads 40 m³/ч;
• increased activity or physical work 60 m³/ч.

Knowing the number of residents of the house and their daily routine, it is easy to calculate the amount of air that must be updated in a set unit of time.

Also, when calculating the air parameters for the premises of a frame house, one should be guided by the following standards:

• SNiP 31-01-2003;
• GOST 30494.

Usually, the calculation of the required amount of air is carried out according to both methods - by the number of people and by the frequency. The necessary techniques are easy to find on the Internet. For ventilation system design take the larger of 2 values.

In addition to calculating the amount of air, you will need to calculate the resistance of the network air distribution - this indicator is useful when choosing fans.

Features of drawing up a project

If the owner of a frame house decided to equip a combined ventilation system, he will need to design window or wall inlet valves for air intake. Installing window valves is much more difficult than wall valves, as you will have to cut holes for the valves in the window frame or sash.

Even with the skills of working with glass, installing a window valve will not be easy. It is much easier to cut an opening for the valve in the wall of the room, where it is planned to direct the air flow from the street. They are usually placed in living rooms.

In addition to the supply valves, it will be necessary to equip the exhaust air exhaust from their technical rooms. For this, an exhaust duct with access to the roof is designed, and the outer exhaust pipe should not be higher than the roof ridge. less than 0.5 m.If there is a chimney in the house from a fireplace or stove, it can also be included in the system as an exhaust channel.

When the owner chooses a forced type of ventilation system, the duct layout should be as rational as possible in order to avoid unnecessary heat loss. Air outlets should not be too long to reduce ventilation efficiency.

Fans, recuperators and other necessary equipment are selected according to the technical characteristics, taking into account the calculations of the need for fresh air and the resistance of the network air distribution ventilation.

In addition to the duct system, the owner of the frame house must design floor ventilation that will prevent the accumulation of condensation and the appearance of mold spots.

When designing the ventilation of a frame house, it is imperative to take into account some of the nuances:

1. All ventilation ducts should be made of non-combustible materials with a smooth inner surface so as not to impede the movement of air. Internal irregularities can cause a decrease in traction, resulting in an obstruction of the air mass.
2. When installing ventilation ducts during the arrangement of a frame house, it is undesirable to use metal components, since as a result of the interaction of metal with the material of wall panels, indicators are reduced thermal insulation.
3. Exhaust equipment, especially for removing odoriferous air from rooms, should be installed in different rooms with characteristic temperature fluctuations, vaporization, high humidity.
4. Transit air ducts must not pass through living rooms and kitchens.
5. Air ducts in which condensation is expected to settle should be designed with a slope and drainage.
6. When installing the fan, the duct with an elbow will significantly reduce the noise level.
7. It is recommended to equip the exhaust fan with a valve that will prevent cold air from entering the house when the fan is off.

For laying ventilation ducts best fit polymer air ductslightweight and flexible enough to direct the duct in the right direction. Also for this purpose, sewer plastic pipes are often used.

Ventilation boxes are recommended to be placed between the frame elements of the house or between the beams. In any case, the ventilation duct must have a cross section of at least 100 × 100 mm and a length of at least 6 m so that the incoming air moves with the required acceleration.

Installation steps

With high-quality preparation, the installation of the ventilation system is carried out without any particular difficulties in several sequential steps:

• Supply valves are equipped by drilling holes of the required diameter in the walls and in the floor.
• A prepared air duct pipe is inserted into each hole, equipped on the outside with a fine grating that prevents debris from entering the channel, and on the inside with a duct fan.
• The joints are sealed with polyurethane foam.
• After the foam has solidified, an air filter and equipment for noise absorption.
• Following the arrangement of the supply valves, the channel routing is mounted with sealing of all joints and fasteners. The ventilation unit is most conveniently located in the attic.
• Before you sew the ducts into the box and start the interior decoration, it is recommended to check the system. After finishing, repairs and debugging will be problematic.

The installation of the ventilation system must be carried out in strict accordance with the drawn up project.

Checking the installed ventilation

After installing ventilation in a frame house, it is necessary to check its operability and, if necessary, carry out additional debugging and adjustment.

There are several ways to check ventilation system:

1. Check all rooms for foreign odors, mustiness and stuffiness. If all of the above is missing, the system is installed correctly.
2. Examine technical areas for mold and mildew, especially the bathroom and kitchen. The presence of mold indicates that the ventilation does not remove excess moisture in the required volume.
3. Pay attention to window panes. If ventilation is poor, condensation will accumulate on them.

The draft in the exhaust system is checked by holding a paper napkin in one fold to the grate. If she is pressed against the hood, then everything is working fine. If not, then the pull does not occur. The check is carried out when outside the window is about -5^OWITH.

It is not worth bringing a light from a lighter or a match to the ventilation duct in a kitchen with gas equipment. If there was a leak, an explosion could occur. In any case, before testing, you need to open the vents: both for airing and for establishing gravitational thrust.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

A video clip will acquaint you with the simplest and most affordable method of organizing ventilation in a frame:

Regardless of what type of ventilation the owner of the frame house decided to install in his home, he must take it with all responsibility equipping.

A properly designed ventilation system will provide residents with comfortable living for many years, and an error in calculations or construction, the wrong choice of equipment will bring a lot of inconvenience.

Tell us about how you built a ventilation system in your own frame house. It is possible that you own some technological subtleties that will be very useful to site visitors. Please leave comments, ask questions, share photos and useful information in the block below.