Any ventilation system that was used in the construction of a private house needs two main elements - the point of intake of clean air and an outlet for the discharge of polluted air. Agree that without these elements, the entire ventilation system loses any meaning.
There are many options for arranging these points, but most often they are located under the roof or directly on the roof itself.
This article discusses the main options for the implementation of the ventilation unit through the roof, the variety of which depends on the type of ceiling on the roof. Practical advice is also given on how to properly adjoin the roof to the ventilation shaft in order to prevent precipitation from entering the house.
The content of the article:
- Ventilation pipe installation requirements
- Selection of materials for sealing
- How to bypass the pipe correctly?
- The main options for abutting the ventilation unit
- Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Ventilation pipe installation requirements
Compliance with the requirements that are put forward to
installation of a ventilation unit - a guarantee that there will be no mold or high humidity in the house. One of the tasks of the roof is to protect the premises from the penetration of precipitation, as well as maintain the optimal temperature regime, which is comfortable for the residents of the house.The ventilation pipe is a through hole through the roof. That is, in order to conduct ventilation through the roof, it is necessary to make a through hole, which will open access to precipitation into the house.
The ventilation pipe can look quite stylish, the variety of materials, shapes of these products allows not to hide this attribute, but to display it
That is why the ventilation entry point needs additional insulation from precipitation and melt water. In addition, it must be protected against condensation. The latter arises from the high difference in temperature between that which was achieved indoors and that outside. Thus, the main requirement for ventilation pipe - its complete tightness and thermal insulation.
Also, it is important to ensure that precipitation flows freely from the roof, that is, the ventilation pipe does not interfere with this. Not an easy task. On the one hand, nothing should interfere with the flow of fresh air into the room. On the other hand, the pipe should only allow air to pass through, but prevent the penetration of precipitation, insects, etc.
To solve the listed problems, you can install special nodes of the passage. With their help, uninterrupted transportation of air flows is ensured, without significant interference with the functionality of the roof.
The main requirements for the installation of the ventilation shaft are as follows:
- protection from the so-called "cold bridges" - to prevent the formation of places through which heat can escape from the room;
- sealing;
- a mandatory requirement is a tight fit of the ventilation pipe to the roof;
- installation of additional protective elements - after sealing, the joints are covered with additional structures (they perform both a decorative and a practical function).
If there are multiple exits on the roof, for example chimney, TV antenna or satellite, then you can create one common shaft through which they will go out.
The shaft on the roof is mounted in order to hide the abundance of exits, which are brought out through the roof and to protect them from precipitation
A ventilation hole can be added to all these outlets, that is, the roof will be connected to the ventilation shaft through a special outlet. The mine is constructed of metal or wood, it is advisable to think about the method of removing ventilation and other communications at the time of roof construction.
It is worth remembering that for the perfect abutment of the air ducts to a metal roof or a roof made of any other material, it is better to make the ventilation pipe square or rectangular.
In this case, to ensure the correct abutment of the duct, a square pad is used. It is put on top of the pipe and provides its protection. The space formed between the ventilation pipe and the pad is filled with sand or any other non-combustible mixture.
In order to give the roof a more aesthetic look, you can build a common box in which all the pipes will be hidden.
To protect the room from moisture penetration, a sealant is used for the joints, and in the upper part of the ventilation pipe is installed deflector.
Additional requirements are established for the length of the ventilation pipe, in the absence of draft in it, they can mounted fans.
The height of the chimney must be at least as high as the chimney. In addition, the distance between the joint and the deflector must be sufficient for the free movement of air masses.
In order to avoid the appearance of condensation or improper drainage of precipitation, it is important to correctly install the ventilation pipe, observing the requirements for its height and location on the roof
The ventilation unit can be positioned along the roof slope. It is in this case that the pipe will not create obstacles for snow melting or free flow of precipitation from the roof.
The most ideal place is the ridge, like the top of the roof. This is the only way to ensure maximum draft, without installing additional fans.
Selection of materials for sealing
To seal the joint between the ventilation pipe and the roof, you can use a sealant or special tape. Both options are suitable for this stage of installation, the specific type is selected taking into account the type of roof overlap.
For any type of roof, a characteristic feature is a high temperature range. In hot summer, the roof can heat up to +70 degrees, and in severe frosts it can drop to -40 degrees Celsius.
Therefore, it is important to choose a sealant that is highly elastic and resistant to such temperature fluctuations. So, if during the construction a self-leveling roof or overlapping with bituminous tiles was used, then it is better to use acrylic sealants.
However, if the house is located in a cold climate, where temperatures are often below freezing, then acrylic sealant can only be used to treat internal seams. Also, bituminous sealants can be used to process internal joints. Polyurethane products are more versatile, since they are suitable for any type of roofing and do not have special requirements for temperature conditions.
In order to protect the room from moisture, insects and birds, you can install tips that will close the pipe opening
Using tape for sealing, you can significantly facilitate the process of processing the joint between the roof and the ventilation pipe.
The tape is a thin strip of foil that is attached with glue or has its own adhesive backing. It completely follows the contours of the joint, due to which a perfect seal is achieved.
How to bypass the pipe correctly?
Pipe sewing is a way to cover the joint and, in some cases, the duct itself.
This is done for the following reasons:
- the appearance of the roof;
- despite the observance of the requirements for the height of the pipe, there is no thrust;
- there is no certainty about the quality of the material from which the ventilation shaft is made, there are fears that it will collapse under the influence of atmospheric precipitation.
Various materials are used to bypass the ventilation pipe. They vary in cost, as well as in their characteristics.
The specific type of ventilation pipe is selected not only taking into account its characteristics, but also paying attention to the material with which the roof is covered
The most popular is galvanized material, which is coated with polymer. This is the cheapest way to bypass the pipe, it is durable to use and has a presentable appearance. Since the ventilation pipe is not considered flammable, siding can be used for its sheathing.
In some cases, it becomes necessary to bypass the ventilation pipe with soft tiles, which is reasonable to do only if the entire roof is made of such material.
The rules for laying shingles do not differ when bypassing the ventilation pipe. At the same time, it is worth making sure that the joints of the tiles do not allow water to pass to the joint of the air duct, and also do not interfere with the free descent of precipitation from the roof.
The main options for abutting the ventilation unit
The choice of the method of abutting the ventilation unit depends on the material from which the roof is made.
An equally important role is played by the type of pipe that serves for duct:
- a simple pipe made of metal or polypropylene, which does not have any additional functions;
- complemented by a fan;
- pipe, supplemented with a valve control system, with rod or manual control;
- sophisticated ventilation systems with several additional functions.
The more functions the duct has, the higher the requirements for installation of the ventilation unit.
Depending on what the ventilation pipe is installed for, different requirements are put forward for it - for example, it can be additionally equipped with fans
The easiest way to lay the ventilation unit can be carried out on a soft roof. To do this, you need to make a hole in the roof that fits the diameter of the ventilation pipe laid in the house.
A flange support is attached to the hole using self-tapping screws, which must be supplemented with a flexible gasket. A glass (fastened with self-tapping screws) and a galvanized pipe are placed in the flange. The empty space between the glass and the pipe is filled with heat-insulating material.
When using other materials for roofing, you will need to use more complex fastening methods, with additional sheets of waterproofing.
If we are talking about an industrial version of the ventilation unit on the roof, then they are quite standard.
This is an air duct that has the shape of a square or a circle, and around it there is a mounting washer with additional stiffeners. Passage assemblies are produced in three types - those that are produced without a valve or with an electric or manual valve. In addition, the passage assembly may differ in shape.
In order to select the necessary materials, you need to decide on the option for the passage of the unit through the roof. The simplest is the installation of the unit on a soft roof, which is made, for example, of shingles.
This will require an elastic rubber seal, a bowl, and an adapter flange. It will not be difficult to install this structure - it is quite possible to do everything yourself.
In order to properly attach the ventilation pipe to the roof, you must adhere to the instructions presented, which will avoid disturbances in air exchange
In cases where other material is laid on the roof, for example, corrugated board or slate, it will not be possible to get by with a typical set of materials. In addition, if the ventilation pipe is too high or there is a significant layer of insulation under the roof, the method described above is not suitable.
Then you will have to use a unit that consists of a steel glass, and a metal platform should be located under it. As in the previous case, work begins with determining the exact place where the pipe will be cut, as well as creating a hole of the required diameter for the pipe and platform.
First of all, a layer of waterproofing is laid, the edges of which run under the roof. In the place where the passage assembly is located, its edges are treated with a sealant.
In order to cope with the problem of the high height of the ventilation pipe, an additional plywood cover can be made. For especially large or heavy structures, an additional frame is made of wooden beams. Alternatively, you can install a metal cable brace that will securely fix the pipe to the roof.
In the event that we are talking about a concrete roof, then it is rational to use a typical set of materials for it (plastic glass, seal and flange), since this type of structure usually has outlets for ventilation or other pipes in advance.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
How to properly mount the ventilation unit can be seen in the video:
Thus, the removal of ventilation through the roof is a rather painstaking and complicated process. Failure to comply with the requirements that are put forward for installation can lead not only to the cessation of ventilation, but also to the appearance of excessive moisture and mold in the house.
Therefore, if you are not sure that you will be able to do everything correctly, it is better to entrust this work to professionals.
Did you have to independently equip the ventilation passage through the roof? Perhaps there were some difficulties? Please share your experience in arranging the ventilation passage through the roof. Leave your comments, ask questions - a block for communication under the article.
