Top dressing of tomatoes in the open ground and greenhouses - practical experience

click fraud protection

Top dressing of tomatoes in the open ground or a greenhouse - is there any difference? What kinds of feeding are in general? Last years truck farmers (those that I know) give preference to organic, trying to use less mineral fertilizers, but they do not completely refuse them. Very popular is the self-made cheap, but very effective "green fertilizer". But about him, just below.

.
.
Content:
  • Kinds of additional dressings
  • Foliar top dressing
  • Root feeding
  • When to feed tomatoes
  • How often should you carry out fertilizing
  • How to feed tomatoes in a greenhouse or open ground
  • How to prepare an organic "green fertilizer" by yourself

So, it's been two weeks since you planted tomato seedlings in a greenhouse or open ground. It's time to feed.

Sort of Evpator
↑ to the contents ↑.
..

Kinds of additional dressings

There are two types of feeding. Root and foliar.

The root is used by most truck farmers. It feeds plants through the root system, that is - watering with a nutrient mineral or organic solution under the root.

instagram viewer
.
.

Many people know about foliar plants, but they use it less often, but in vain.

Extra foliar is when we apply the same nutrient solution directly over leaves, plant branches. This kind of fertilizing with mineral or organic fertilizers has a number of advantages. First, it allows you to save fertilizer. Because when we add them to tomatoes, a significant part of the nutrients are washed out with watering, during rain, not all the nutrients get to the plant.

And when we apply the solution over the leaf, all the nutrients pass through the leaf into the plant. And it happens very quickly. Therefore, foliar acts much faster than the root one. Secondly, it is used to promptly help a plant that suffers from a deficiency of one or another trace element. I try to use more often foliar dressing for seedlings, for plants recently planted, that is, for younger seedlings.

For foliar use lower concentrations of solution than for root, so as not to cause burns of leaves. For it, fertilizers are used, which completely dissolve without sediment, which do not contain chlorine. Usually these are liquid forms of fertilizer mixtures, no matter what they are - mineral or organic. Try to use nutrient solutions to use non-chlorinated water - rainwater or at least a permanent tap.

Both root and foliar top dressings are equally useful, for open ground tomatoes, for greenhouses. During the first half of the vegetation, it is better to alternate them. In the second - go to the root. The greenhouse should be ventilated more often, especially after spraying. That the plant received the maximum benefit from any fertilizer, it is necessary to know when - in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening - it is better to conduct them.

↑ back to content ↑

Foliar top dressing

One reader of our blog - Anna Nepetrovskaya from Novokubansk - shared her experience of applying root and root top dressing of tomatoes. Experience, as far as I can appreciate, is priceless.

Look at Anna's tomato alleys! This is not proof that the fertilizer strategy is chosen by her right!

The tomato alley of Anna Nepetrovskaya ( Novokubansk) - a variety of Cio-Cio-san

Begin to feed tomatoes should be a week after disembarkation.

Here is the composition of foliar dressing she uses:

.
..
  1. One liter of milk or whey + 10 drops of iodine + 9 liters of water.
  2. Microfertilizer Zdraven + Fitosporin - dosage according to the instructions.
  3. Milk whey (2 liters) +, a glass of sugar + 15 drops of iodine + 8 liters of water.
  4. Bifungin (birch mushroom (chaga) - dilute with water to a dark color.
  5. One teaspoon of boric acid, copper sulfate, magnesia, (boric acid, magnesia) + manganese the tip of the knife + a large grinded laundry soap or 3 tablespoons of liquid soap, dilute 10 liters water.
  6. Trichopolum (10 tablets) + 1 small vial of green leaves + 10 liters of water.
  7. For 1 teaspoon of boric acid, copper sulfate, urea (urea) per 10 liters of water.
  8. Weak solution of manganese.
  9. Milk-acid solutions (whey) with the addition of a glass of sugar (10 liters).

All these solutions for foliar top dressing are very effective for nutrition, protecting tomatoes from diseases, especially from phytophthora, other fungal diseases.

They should not be used simultaneously, but, or in turn, as it is written, or choose those that, in your opinion, will bring the greatest benefit to the crop. With the accumulation of experience, you will determine "what is yours".

Alternate foliar top dressing with root. Below - again, the experience of our reader from Novokubansk.

↑ back to content ↑

Root feeding

Anna advises necessarily before each fertilizer under the root to water tomatoes with clean water - a permanent tap or rain.

The first root - not earlier than 10 days after planting seedlings.

The second - in 15 days (two weeks) after the first.

The third top dressing will be most effective at the time of flowering, namely during the flowering of the second brush. On the first flowering brush, many gardeners are advised to break off the first terry flower, since the fruit is most often tied ugly, different from others. (But I would not call this recommendation mandatory - I very rarely saw such a flower).

.
.
  1. One tablespoon of ammonium nitrate + 10 liters of water. Ammonium nitrate can be replaced by infusions of chicken or cow manure. The proportions are a liter of chicken or 1 liter of cow dung + 10 liters of water.
  2. Composition liters of chicken manure infusion + 2 tablespoons of superphosphate + 1 tablespoon of potassium sulphate + 10 liters of water. Note that superphosphate is very poorly soluble in water. Therefore, you should start preparing this solution, at least a day before the application. First, dissolve superphosphate - let it stand for at least 24 hours, and then add other components. By the way, superphosphate can be replaced with monophosphate (phosphorus fertilizer).
  3. Composition liters of chicken manure or cow dung infusion + 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate + 7 grams of boric acid + 10 liters of water. Under each bush pour, a liter of solution, without forgetting before that to water plants with clean water.
  4. Once a month Anna advises to make root fertilizing with organic fertilizer. She calls it "Kurdyumov's compote and I have this "green fertilizer". The process of its preparation is described in detail below.
  5. Every 2 weeks will not prevent fertilizing tomatoes with an ash solution - 1 cup of ash pour a bucket of water, let it brew for several hours. The ash solution contains potassium, calcium, phosphorus, many different microelements necessary for the development of plants.
↑ back to content ↑

When to feed tomatoes

A very important point: if you are making foliar top dressing or rooting, then it should be done in the morning or in the evening. Why is that? If it is a question of foliar, then the nutrient solution should stay on top of the leaves as long as possible so that it can absorb. And when the sun is bright, spraying the leaves can cause a burn. This, in the first place. And secondly, the sun will quickly dry droplets of nutrient solution, it will not have time to soak up all the leaves. With foliar care, make sure that the solution is not only on top of the leaf, but also from the bottom.

Under the root to water plants with a mineral or organic solution, too, you need early morning or evening. I prefer evening watering, and my neighbor in the country watering his cucumbers, tomatoes in a greenhouse or open ground only early in the morning. The reasons also seem to be clear: water or nutrient solution, fallen in the day on the leaves can cause a sunburn of the foliage. Do not force tomatoes to waste energy to restore or heal wounds.

↑ back to content ↑

How often should you carry out fertilizing

Usually ask a question, how often it is necessary to carry out top dressing of tomatoes with mineral or organic fertilizers? The short answer is not very often. And, more precisely, I spend them, as root, also foliar after 10-15 days. That is, approximately 2-3 times per month. I alternate them. One time - foliar, next time - I feed tomatoes under a root.

Often asked: is it permissible to fertilize tomatoes during fruiting? I answer: after the ovaries appeared, the feeding is only under the root, that is, the root.

I make foliar sprayings during the first half of the vegetation. That is, as soon as I noticed that the first pads were fastened, I stopped feeding them with sprinkling. And the root continue to do the entire period of vegetation (development).

The second popular question: fertilizing seedlings after picking - than when. The first time should be fertilized tomatoes 10-12 days after planting seedlings. And than, when read above.

.
..

It is desirable, I would even say, are mandatory foliar, root fertilizing, when the flowering of tomatoes begins. Do not miss deadlines - this will determine the number of ovaries, the harvest.

In a greenhouse or open ground, the feeding is carried out as follows. It is necessary to fertilize each plant individually. If the soil under the tomatoes is dry, then before fertilizing it is necessary to slightly moisten the soil. Water with clean water, the temperature of which is not below 20-22 ° C. When watering greenhouse plants, try not to get water on the leaves - excess moisture is not there. Water in the morning - after that, necessarily ventilate the greenhouse. And after the watering, pour under each bush half a liter of nutrient solution.

For foliar spraying tomatoes in the greenhouse, I try to do in the morning, so that in the evening the nutrient solution is absorbed. At night, leaves, stems, fruits should be dry.

↑ back to content ↑

How to feed tomatoes in a greenhouse or open ground

If you have little time to care, or it is difficult to find all the ingredients for feeding, advised by Anna Nepetrovskaya, then you can use fertilizers based on humates.

I used GUMI Kuznetsova (natural elixir of fertility) - tomatoes acquired a good appearance, pleased with the harvest. 10 liters of water + 2 tablespoons of elixir.

But you can start from the assortment of your stores for gardeners-truck farmers. Not bad to use Humate-80, Humate + 7, Gumat-Universal, Emerald, Ideal. For 10 liters of water, 1-2 tablespoons of fertilizer is sufficient. Add 1 tablespoon of instant mineral fertilizer (for example, Fertika Universal).

For each plant is enough, a liter of solution.

Open ground tomatoes or greenhouses are better for underfeeding than overfeeding. Therefore, when planting seedlings from mineral fertilizers I use only ash, compost. After disembarkation - a fertilizer based on humates with Fertik Universal. All. The following top dressings are organic only.

↑ back to content ↑

How to prepare an organic "green fertilizer" by yourself

I really like the positive reaction of my tomatoes to "green fertilizer". How do I prepare it? Very simple. There are a lot of recipes for such a "green fertilizer". The basis of it is a chamfered green weed grass.

I have an old metal 200-liter barrel. But a metal barrel is not advised to use for the preparation of this fertilizer, apparently, the process of oxidation of metal adversely affects the quality. I do not have a plastic barrel. You know, there are almost no hopeless situations. I bought huge 300-liter plastic bags. I put one bag in the other (for strength), put them inside the barrel. Filled 1/3 with water to straighten them. Polyethylene heated the sun a little, became elastic, stretched out, bags tightly dressed outside on the edge of the barrel. I got a metal barrel with a plastic liner.

So, there was already a little water in the barrel, I add there the mown grass. Experienced horticulturalists advise filling the barrel with mown nettles. But so much nettles I did not have, so I sketched a nearly full (2/3) barrel of different weeds, nettles there, too.Above it threw about 1 kg of wood ash, half a bucket of chicken manure, added a liter of 2 milk "store" whey (natural, say, 1 liter), a batch of yeast bakeries (100 grams). Has added water almost up to the top.

The recipe is taken long ago from the book "Reasonable agriculture" Yu.I. Slaskina. He calls this solution the infusion of microbial organisms. Author instead of yeast recommends adding bregu - 3 liters of unchlorinated water, 150 g of sugar to insist 2-3 days.

The solution is very active, stink, sorry for the details, not the most pleasant. And you need to mix the fertilizer at least once a day. Insists all this weeks, -2. Then I take out the fermented grass. When it dries up, I put it under the zucchini. Why under the zucchini - I do not know. Somehow it was from the very beginning. Courgettes are very grateful.You can try using such mulch on other plants.

A nutritious infusion in a barrel turns out slightly more than half. I add the barrel to the top. I take the prepared infusion (500 ml), add to the watering can with water (6 liters), water the tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant, pumpkin - half a liter of solution for each bush. Yes, I almost forgot. The effect will be better, as well as harm feeding will not bring (root burn will not), if the soil under the plants will be wet. That is, before fertilizing under the root, you must pour tomatoes in the open ground or greenhouse with constant water if you use tap water or rain.

I really like the result of such an organic fertilizing - the plants are always green, they look healthy, well tolerated bad weather, grow very fast, the fruit is tied up a lot and, it seems to me, they became less sick, that is, their immunity rose.

Such a solution can be used for root and foliar top dressing. I often spend foliar application for young plants planted in open ground or a greenhouse. Watering under the root - every 10-12 days.

I have enough of this solution for a long time. But all, of course, depends on the number of plants planted. If I feel that the "green fertilizer" is not enough, then after the barrel is less than half, fill the barrel with a new grass. Nothing more than water, I do not add it. I wait 10-15 days - a new nutrient solution is ready.

This "green fertilizer" works well against late blight. At least, it seems to me that after I started using it, there were almost no cases when phytophthora appeared on the leaves, fruits. In 2013, only a few fruits (pieces 5) growing in the open ground, threw from one bush. On the remaining bushes, no signs of phytophthora were noticed. And the next two years, phytophthors, too, was not. Although I suspect that the reason for this is not only top dressing, but also dry hot summer.

But, for example, the 2014 garden year began with rainy weather. Humidity, that in the greenhouse, that in the garden is elevated. I, in order to prevent the appearance of late blight on tomatoes, mealy or downy mildew of dew on cucumbers, zucchini, In addition, I still treat plants with a solution of milk whey (1 liter + 10 liters of water) with 10 drops of iodine. This solution has a particularly beneficial effect on tomatoes. Iodine helps to increase the number of ovaries, and whey inhibits growth, the development of pathogenic fungi.

For the prevention of late blight processing alternate. Once with a solution of whey, and the other with a solution of Fitosporin. This drug not only protects tomatoes from the development of late blight, it also feeds plants with bioactive micronutrients, especially its new modification, Fitosporin-M. Sometimes I miss milk-acid treatment, but I replace it with a solution of Phytosporin, which suppresses the development of fungal, bacterial diseases on plants.

Do not forget that moisture, high humidity in the greenhouses or garden during the rainy season is beneficial for the development of phytophthora, other fungal, bacterial diseases. Be sure to process your seedlings, do not wait for the appearance of the first signs of the disease. If the disease begins to manifest itself, then it's too late to fight it, it's almost useless.

So, the answer to the main question. What fertilizers, what top dressing are the best for tomatoes? Mineral or organic?

I would say so. For young seedlings - foliar, complex. For tomatoes during the second half of vegetation, it is best to use natural mineral fertilizers (ash, compost), as well as organic (based on humates, "green fertilizer"). In order not to overfeed the plants, feeding is not often done - 2-3 times a month - in the first half of the vegetation more often, and in the second - less often.

Successful harvest!

The article was supplemented with information on March 20, 2016.

Useful:

.
.

Addition of cucumbers in a greenhouse or open soil with fertilizers - mineral and organic

Growing tomatoes in the open ground with seeds

Growing tomatoes in the open ground with seedsTomatoes

Growing tomatoes in the open field has its own peculiarities and difficulties. In the spring, as soon as the soil dries, I loosen the ground with a rake or hand cultivator, sprinkled with organic ...

Read More
Top dressing of tomatoes in the open ground and greenhouses - practical experience

Top dressing of tomatoes in the open ground and greenhouses - practical experienceTomatoes

Top dressing of tomatoes in the open ground or a greenhouse - is there any difference? What kinds of feeding are in general? Last years truck farmers (those that I know) give preference to organic...

Read More
Masking tomatoes - how to shape a bush

Masking tomatoes - how to shape a bushTomatoes

Tomato bushes need to be formed. To do this, there is an agronomic reception - pasynkovanie tomatoes. In some varieties prone to pasynkovanyu, you need to remove the side shoots - stepchildren....

Read More
Instagram story viewer