Toilet bowl device: simple, hinged, vacuum

It is difficult to imagine modern housing without this plumbing fixture. Correct repair or replacement of a toilet bowl requires knowledge of the principles of its operation and other features. What the toilet bowl consists of, about the types, structure and functioning of plumbing, read our material.

Types of toilets

The models differ depending on the parameters:

• bowl shape (funnel-shaped, disc-shaped, visor);
• mounting method (floor and hanging);
• flushing method (direct and circular);
• sewerage connection (vertical, horizontal, angular - selected depending on the location of the entrance);
• materials used (faience, porcelain, metal, cast iron, glass, stone, plastic).

On a note! The main indicators of the products are spelled out in the standards and cannot be changed at the whim of the manufacturers: the height from the floor is 40 cm, the capacity of the tank is from 6 liters, the load is within 200 kg.

Simple toilet design

The main components of the system:

• bowl, has a connection to the sewer;
• a drain tank equipped with equipment for draining and collecting liquid;
• flexible or rigid (in the form of a pipe with nuts) liner, water is supplied through it;
• laying between the plumbing and the sewer outlet, its corrugated straight or eccentric versions are used (depending on the type of release);
• a seat with a cover, is located on top of the device and provides user comfort.

Important! The circuit contains the required number of rubber parts that create tightness between different parts of the plumbing.

Bowl device

it one-piece product, the appearance of which determines the degree of cleanliness of the toilet bowl after flushing. Inside it, a siphon is provided, always filled with water, it blocks the penetration of gases and odors from the sewer into the room.

Varieties of the element have their own characteristics:

1. The dish-shaped design (has a shelf in the back wall) is considered outdated, is characterized by high water consumption, waste is poorly washed off, and rusty streaks may appear over time. However, good filling of the hole ensures that there are no splashes on the surface.
2. The visor form is common in imported products, it is made at an angle forward (up to 45º than the higher the value, the less chance of a splash of drops), bad odors do not accumulate in it, no rust.
3. The funnel version has good hygiene properties. It combines the advantages of previous models, plus it provides moderate water consumption. The hole is located in the center and provides a good flush. But during the descent, splashes are possible.

How does the drainage mechanism work?

This locking device serves two purposes:

• prevents accidental drainage of liquid into the bowl (closes the hole until the key is pressed);
• protects the tank from overfilling with water (using an overflow tube), articulates with the lever and regulates the fluid pressure when draining.

On a note! The retractable stem design is obsolete and has been replaced by a lever housed inside the system. The button on the tank lid (or built into the wall of the room) activates its operation.

There are options with one or two buttons. In the first case, when pressed, the liquid is completely drained, in the second, there is a mode of both full descent and half of the volume. In some models, one key combines both functions (the depth of depression determines the amount of flushed fluid). This saves resources if there is no need to completely empty the container.

The type of descent distinguishes between cascade and circular discharge:

1. In the first case, one powerful straight down stream emerges from the hole. This method does not save water and washes the bowl unevenly, but it is distinguished by the reliability and durability of the system.
2. In the second variation, the liquid is supplied from a group of holes under the rim of the toilet bowl, it silently descends in a circle and completely cleans the surface of the plumbing. The service life can be reduced due to plugging of the slots (if they have a small diameter).

Cistern

This is the most technical complex and integral component of the system. It is a reservoir with 2 (or 3) fluid supply and drain holes. Includes two components:

• the inlet valve contains a float, on which the water level depends (it rises higher as it fills, and blocks its further collection), is connected to the water supply flexible hose.
• shut-off valves, responsible for the drain.

Important! The device can be adjusted to reduce the consumption of fluid, but its minimum volume will poorly clean dirt.

The element is mounted in one of the following ways:

• above the main device;
• attached to the device (compact toilet);
• built into the wall of the room (hidden installation, installation).

Vacuum toilet

This latest modification does not look different from standard plumbing. Its advantage is economical water consumption, due to the use of not only liquid, but also air masses in the drain.

Reference! For one descent, the system consumes a liter of fluid and air, against 8 liters in the usual version.

The structure and components of the device correspond to the classical scheme, this is valve, release controller, etc.. The structure can be installed both in the floor and in the wall version. The mode of operation is simple and efficient. Its features:

• special vacuum pumps contribute to the rarefaction of the air;
• when pressed, the key opens the valve, air flows inside;
• the water valve is in contact with the flush hole through the hose;
• the button activates the flushing mechanism.

When the preset period ends, the vacuum valve returns to its original position, the activity of the water seal can be extended by a screw on the key.

The draining is completed, the liquid begins to flow again. If you press the button at this moment, the hole will open, and air masses will rush into the bowl, they will remove both dirt and remaining odors.. At the end of this procedure, the supply system will wash the toilet with a minimum amount of water, and the valve will return to its original position.

How does a wall-mounted toilet work?

This equipment has significant external differences from other models, but its principle of operation corresponds to traditional plumbing.

Peculiarities:

• practicality, compact size;
• multifunctionality (you can attach a bidet);
• all communications are mounted in the wall and hidden under removable panels;
• overhead material masking the reinforcement provides sound insulation, ease of cleaning, comfort in use;
• only the necessary parts remain visible (bowl with seat, control button).

The frame on which the tank and pipes invisible to the eye are attached is called an installation. It can be in two variations:

• frame of various sizes creates an even distribution of weight, with emphasis on the walls and floor;
• block, in this case the entire weight of the structure and the user falls on the non-capital wall.

The toilet has become an integral part of the modern home. Its technical parameters are increasing along with the development of technology, but the basic elements have remained the same. A variety of models working on the same principle allow you to make a choice based on the advantages of certain parts of the plumbing (bowl shape, type of drain, etc.). We hope our article helped you sort out these difficult issues.