Brick for the plinth: which is better, choice, methods and instructions for laying, photo, calculation

The basement of the house is the basis and support of the load-bearing structures. It must protect the building from the flow of water, the penetration of cold air. To avoid difficulties in the operation of the building is simple - buy a good brick for the basement. It must be a strong and durable material.

What should be the brick for the base

According to SNiP, which regulates the features of the construction of basement structures, bricks can be used for the basement, which have passed compression and bending tests.

The choice depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe basement. The larger the space, the higher the expected load.

When choosing a material, consider:

1. The total weight of the building.
2. Snow depth in winter.
3. Seismic characteristics of the region where the construction is being carried out.

Each dwelling is built in accordance with the project documentation, where the safety factor is prescribed. It compensates for possible deviations from the requirements prescribed in the regulatory documents. In the absence of a project, it will be impossible to put the building into operation, as well as connect to communication networks, obtain a residence permit and sell the building.

Characteristics that a brick for a basement should have:

1. Increased compressive strength - not less than 200 MPa.
2. Standard size.
3. Environmental friendliness and safety.
4. Moisture resistance.
5. Embossed surface.

Which brick is suitable for the basement

During construction, one of 4 types of bricks is used, which are suitable for the requirements put forward to the base:

Silicate

Product with low cost and standard shapes. There is a caveat - it is not used in regions with a high level of humidity. Otherwise, additional waterproofing of the walls and application of a moisture-resistant plasters.

An arid climate is optimal for laying silicate bricks. The water absorption of the material varies from 8 to 16%. Lime with quartz sand is used as the basis for the production.

Clay red brick

The material produced by baking is better for plinth work than the previous one. It is recommended to buy M-150 grade. Others absorb liquid well, which can lead to the destruction of the structure of the block from the inside.

M-150 withstands more than 50 freezing periods. If construction is carried out in a region with a humid climate, the M-250 brand is recommended.

Ceramic acid resistant

The building material withstands moisture, protects the building from sudden temperature changes, and also has a large margin of safety.

Acid-resistant ceramic brick copes with negative external factors, and a high level of density withstands maximum loads on the structure. In its production, clay and dunite are added to the composition. After processing, the product is not destroyed and does not lose its original properties.

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Clinker

Durable and beautiful. This brick is made in different shades, which allows you to choose the material in accordance with the design of the house. Therefore, clinker is especially popular for finishing the basement.

The material is dense, which allows it to be used in the construction of load-bearing structures. Among the advantages - frost resistance - from F-100, strength - from M-250. The level of water absorption does not exceed 5% by weight of the product.

For the production of clinker, special grades of clay are used, which are fired at high temperatures.

Which brick can not be used for the base

For the construction of the base is strictly prohibited to use:

1. Hollow ceramic bricks, ceramic blocks.
2. Pressed brick.
3. Cellular concrete blocks of any hardening technology.

Sand-lime brick may only be used in the construction of buildings of the 3rd level of responsibility - summer kitchens, greenhouses, garages and others outbuildings.

A residential building is a building of the second level of responsibility, during the construction of the basement of which it is necessary to choose the right brick.

To ensure the reliability and strength of the building, when purchasing materials, a number of conditions must be met:

1. The strength of the brick must be at least 20.0 MPa, which is typical for the M-250 grade.
2. The level of frost resistance cannot be lower than F-100.
3. All vertical seams in the process of laying bricks are filled with mortar.
4. Basement walls should be insulated.
5. When choosing a solution, it is recommended to use a heavy one, from M100.

In accordance with the requirements of GOST and SNiP, for the construction of basement walls it is allowed to use wall stones from:

• lightweight concrete filled expanded clay and slag;
• fine-grained concrete on granite screenings;
• heavy concrete - concrete bricks.

Blocks with an average size of 288 * 138 * 138 mm, can be used for ordinary or face masonry. The front version, as a rule, is produced with two colored, textured surfaces - front, end. Such material can be used not only for masonry, but also for lining the basement.

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Plinth laying in stages

The laying of the basement starts from the corners - this simplifies the work. First you need to pull the mooring line in accordance with the previously applied markings. The cord is stretched around the entire perimeter of the foundation - this ensures the accuracy of vertical / horizontal levels.

Masonry stages:

1. All corners are displayed, the height of which should be several rows. It is important to observe the vertical, horizontal and porta.
2. Orders are established, between which a mooring cord is stretched. This will facilitate construction work, allow you to control the level of each row, the vertical angles and the height of the base.
3. As soon as one wall of the basement is removed, reset the order to the opposite corner. Pull a berth over it, after which construction work can be continued.

When laying, different dressing schemes can be used. The choice depends on the thickness of the plinth.

The single-row chain scheme is in demand because of its simplicity and lightness. When laying out the first row, the bricks are laid with a poke outward, in the second row - with a spoon.

The multi-row scheme involves laying the first two side by side in accordance with the chain method algorithm. Subsequent rows are laid with a spoon method.

If it was decided to lay out a basement in one and a half bricks, you can use single or multi-row dressing schemes. With a single-row method, there is an alternation of bonder and spoon rows from the outside of the future building. In accordance with the multi-row scheme, the first row is laid out according to the “poke-spoon” principle, the second - “spoon-poke”. Subsequent rows are formed with spoons with a half-brick dressing.

Before proceeding with the laying of the basement, measurements are taken, the approximate load and the possible negative impact of various factors are calculated. This will depend on the choice of materials.

Brick is an optimal material in terms of properties and characteristics, which will ensure the safety of heat, strength and reliability of the structure as a whole. But if there are no special skills in construction, it is better not to do this kind of work yourself, but to entrust them to the construction team.

What do you think is the best basement material? Share in the comments.