How a compass works: what it looks like and what it's for - Setafi

Understanding how a compass works is quite simple. The classic magnetic body has an arrow that lines up strictly along the lines of force of the planet's magnetic field. There are other devices, for example, a gyrocompass and an electronic gadget. More details about the features of the work of each type are described in this material.

Purpose of the compass

Almost everyone imagines what a compass looks like. In the simplest case, this is a round case with a transparent lid. Inside it is a dial (a ring with evenly spaced divisions). In the middle is the center of rotation of the arrow, which rotates in a circle in all directions.

It is quite clear what a compass is for. It allows you to define the direction that is evaluated depending on the location of the arrow:

• north N;
• south S;
• west W;
• east e.

Of course, the arrow may not show clearly in these directions. Most often, she points to the scales between them. These scales indicate specific angles, such as 210 or 60, 70 degrees, etc. Moreover, after a certain interval there are intermediate directions:

• northeast 45 degrees;
• southeast corresponds to 135 degrees;
• southwest is 225 degrees;
• northwest is 315 degrees.

How the device works

The principle of operation of the device directly depends on its specific type:

1. Classic magnetic.
2. Gyro-compass.
3. Electronic.

Magnetic

This is a classic type device that has been used for many centuries. And despite the presence of electronic gadgets, partly it is used today. The principle of its functioning is connected with the influence of the magnetic field of the planet.

Being under its force influence, it always rotates about its own axis until it stands clearly along the direction of the magnetic field line of force. Because the arrow always runs parallel to this imaginary line, it points north. Exceptions are cases where other sources of the field are nearby (for example, telephone, magnet, iron alloys).

Gyro-compass

This device is a rotating wheel, which is installed in a special suspension. The axis is freely oriented in space, due to the attraction of the Earth, it points in only one direction - parallel to the axis of rotation of the planet. Thus, it points due north.

Gyrocompasses are widely used on ships. And today, instead of a suspension, they use improved sealed chambers filled with hydrogen, as well as oil for lubrication.

Electronic

Electronic (digital) is the most accurate compass. It works on a microchip that builds coordinates based on communication with a satellite (GLONASS or GPS navigation system). Such compasses are installed on almost all smartphones, in some models of smart watches. They are also available as standalone gadgets.

In conclusion, you can also clarify the answer to the question - how is the compass or compass correct. According to the generally accepted norm of the Russian language, it is necessary to pronounce the word with an emphasis only on the first syllable. Only in one case does the stress fall on the second syllable - in professional speech, sailors can say: "comPAS". Thus, the pronunciation depends on the context.