Jigsaw device: what does an electric jigsaw consist of? – Setafi

The jigsaw device consists of several elements, primarily a mechanism with a file and an electric motor. The tool allows you to get cuts of different depths in wood, plastic, drywall, metal and other materials. The main elements of which it consists, as well as the principle of operation of the device are described in detail in this material.

How the tool works

The jigsaw device includes 2 main systems - mechanical and electrical. The first is represented by a gearbox, which provides the necessary pressure during the operation of the saw. The second is connected with the engine or battery that ensures the operation of the mechanism. Both systems are discussed in more detail below.

mechanical system

The device of an electric jigsaw can begin to be described from a mechanical system. It is based on a gearbox, during which the necessary force is provided to move the file in the thickness of wood or other material. Typically, devices are equipped with gear reducers with one gear. Although there are two of them in powerful tools for the professional sphere.

Along with the gearbox, the mechanical circuit of the jigsaw includes other elements:

1. Plane guide, which is also called the base plate. It is made from a metal base, such as steel or high density aluminum. Provides adjustment of the desired cutting angle, so that the work is carried out with high accuracy.
2. Roller system - allows you to conveniently move the device on a plane in any direction. This is a very reliable element, it is included in the device of the Fiolent electric jigsaw and almost all other models.
3. Another component is the body. It is made of high density plastic with metal inserts. Along with the coating itself, it also has a comfortable handle. In shape, it can resemble a bracket or a mushroom. In the first case, it is more convenient to work holding the tool from above relative to the part, in the second - from below.
4. If we talk about what a jigsaw consists of, we can also mention a file. This is the main consumable item that is constantly being replaced. Moreover, the specific model of the file depends on what material you need to work with. The main selection criteria are the size and frequency of the teeth.
5. Web fastening system - it is most convenient to use models with clamps. There is also an option for fastening with screws, which must be constantly unscrewed and tightened manually.

electrical system

The principle of operation of the electric jigsaw is connected with the engine, which transmits an impulse to the mechanical part, including the file. The electrical system is represented by a motor, which consists of a rotor, stator, brush holder and copper winding.

There is also a button on the case, with which the engine is started (they close the electrical circuit). It provides not only the supply of voltage, but also the regulation of the frequency of movement. Also, the electrical system is represented by a capacitor. It removes the voltage that remains on the copper winding after the device stops working. This element periodically fails and needs to be replaced.

Additional elements

It is also useful to know what the jigsaw consists of, what additional elements ensure its operation. These include:

1. External nozzle - it allows you to connect a vacuum cleaner, which immediately removes sawdust, chips and dust generated during operation. This ensures long-term operation of the device and improves the quality of the cut.
2. Blade rotation - with this option, the blade can be rotated in any direction at an angle of 360o. This is a useful addition to the jigsaw layout when it is used to make rounded cuts.
3. The angle lock at which the file is located helps to understand how the jigsaw works. If this function is not present, it will not be possible to make a curly cut.
4. Backlight - a small flashlight, usually installed on battery models. Convenient when you have to work in the dark.
5. Laser level - the need for this part of the jigsaw increases when you need to make the most accurate cut. Allows you to save time, which is especially important when many cuts are made at once.
6. Pumping is a pendulum move that gives the file an additional movement in the reverse direction. Thanks to this, it is easier to work with loose wood, and the productivity of the device and the cutting speed are increased. Typically, the electrical circuit of a jigsaw involves a choice between several pendulum speeds (up to 4).

The principle of operation of the device

If you know how the jigsaw works, the principle of its operation will become clear. By pressing the start button, the user closes the electrical circuit. Energy is transferred to the motor, which starts to gain momentum immediately or gradually (with the option of smooth running).

A torque occurs - the rotating movements of the motor through the gears transmit an impulse to the file, which moves in a reciprocating manner.

By moving the tool along the surface, for example, a wooden workpiece, the operator saws through the material to the desired depth. Here you need to remember what an electric jigsaw consists of. As a rule, it is equipped with an angle lock, with which you can make a cut of any shape. These and other parts of the jigsaw periodically wear out and must be replaced.

Unlike a hand-held device, an electric device is powered by a battery or from the mains. In the first case, we are talking about medium-power models that are optimally suited for domestic purposes. If you intend to make cuts for a long time, it is better to buy a tool that runs on the mains. It is he who is most often involved in professional workshops.

Thus, the jigsaw mechanism consists of several elements connected to each other. In the case there is a motor powered by a battery or a conventional 220 V power supply. It transfers energy to the mechanical system, so you can cut at different angles.