How can we determine in time what plant diseases affected our beds? What are the ways to combat them? Every truckman probably saw incomprehensible spots on leaves or fruits on his plants, curved trunks with incomprehensible damages, twisted or wrinkled leaves. Various diseases can reduce the crop, and often even deprive us of it. To successfully combat plant disease, it is very important to correctly determine which disease is the right diagnosis. Let us briefly consider the most common diseases of vegetable crops, measures to combat them.
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- Leaf Mosaic (Virus)
- Black leg (mushroom)
- Kila (fungus)
- Vertex rot of fruits
- Powdery mildew (mushroom)
- Downy powdery mildew - peronosporoz (fungus)
- Decay of fruit tips in zucchini (mushroom)
Leaf Mosaic (Virus)
It affects many vegetable crops. It hibernates on plant remains, is transported by insects. It appears as a yellow-green mosaic color of the leaves of the plant. Very often it is possible to confuse with the reaction of plants to the lack of trace elements.
Ways of struggle. There are no chemical remedies for fighting the virus. Relatively helps the biological preparation Zircon. The only way to curb the spread of the mosaic of leaves is to destroy the diseased plants as soon as possible.
↑ to the contents ↑.Black leg (mushroom)
This disease mainly affects seedlings of vegetable plants. It hibernates in the earth, spreads with seeds, seedlings, plant remains. At an early stage of development in seedlings, there appears blackening, thinning, drying of the lower part of the stem. Sometimes this mushroom can destroy all the seedlings.
Ways of struggle. Presowing treatment of seeds with a bright pink solution of manganese-acid potassium, steaming soil for seedlings. Treatment of seeds, soil, sprouts Phytosporin according to the instructions.
.Kila (fungus)
It affects all the cabbage plants. It hibernates in acidic soil, it is carried with infected roots. The plant develops a growth on the roots, the ground part is depressed, the plant binds, stops development, the leaves have a bluish tinge.
Ways of struggle. As with any fungal diseases, watering the soil before planting seedlings with a 3% solution of any copper-bearing funds according to the instructions (Chorus, Bordeaux liquid), the last spraying should be three weeks before use. Putting into the hole when planting a tablespoon of calcium nitrate, monthly deoxidizing the soil (1 glass of lime per 10 liters of water), watering the plants with Phytosporin. Do not put the infected plants in the compost, but burn them! Cabbage plants can be grown on the site where cabbage, affected by a whale, grew, in five years!
↑ back to content ↑Vertex rot of fruits
It affects tomato, eggplant, pepper. On the top of the fruit appear whitish spots, which then rot. This is not a disease, but a lack of nutrition, especially when there is a shortage of potassium, calcium, and moisture in dry, hot weather. There is an outflow of nutrients from the tops of fruits to the point of growth, the tissue is dehydrated, destroyed.
.Ways of struggle. Watering the land with Phytosporin. Urgent top dressing of plants with water with potassium + calcium (1 tablespoon each for 10 liters of water) on leaves in the evening. Before top dressing do first a small watering, then abundant.
↑ back to content ↑Powdery mildew (mushroom)
It affects almost all vegetable crops. It hibernates in the soil, on plant remains. Appears in the summer in the form of a whitish coating on the leaves, especially in wet weather.
Ways of struggle. Spraying with a 1% solution of any copper-containing agent according to the instructions for fungal diseases. The last spraying should be three weeks before eating. Treatment with Phytosporin. Feeding of plants with potassium + calcium (1 tablespoon each for 10 liters of water) or powdering with ashes.
↑ back to content ↑Downy powdery mildew - peronosporoz (fungus)
It affects hothouse cucumbers, onions, lettuce, cabbage, zucchini, cucumbers, beets, peas, parsnips, others. Hibernates in the soil. It occurs when the humidity of the air and soil is high, it appears as a whitish coating on the leaves. After 2-3 days the plant dies.
Ways of struggle. Stop watering, intensify the ventilation of greenhouses, shrink or whitish leaves of the plant to burn, others sprinkle with a bright pink solution of manganese, then the land must be dried, sprinkled with ashes or chalk. Treatment of plantings with Phytosporin or Zircon on leaves, stems.
.Decay of fruit tips in zucchini (mushroom)
It affects the pumpkin cultures. Hibernates in the soil. Usually manifested with an excess of moisture in the soil or with a lack of pollination.
.Ways of struggle. Soil, plants pour Fitosporin. In cold, humid weather, pollinate pumpkin cultures by hand, stop watering, supplement with potassium + calcium.
