Selection and installation of the furnace in the bath

Contents

1. Choosing a Stove for a Bath

• Stove Classification: By Type of Fuel
• Differences in Functionality
• Kiln Power and How It Is Selected
• Calculation of the required power of the stove-heater
• Features of the
• gas stove

Basic rules for installing a stove

• Wood-burning stove: basic steps for installing
• Factory-made wood stoves: how to install?
• Homemade ovens: how to install?
• Brick oven: the main steps of installing
• Screening the stove: types and application of heat shields

One of the most important factors in building a classic Russian bath is the choice and installation of the stove. The right choice is important not only for observing the traditional style of the Russian bath, but also from the point of viewtechnical characteristics, such as fire safety, heating rate of the bath, softness and saturation of steam, the presence of convection, etc. As is known, traditionally in the Russian bath used brick stoves with a specific design, designed specifically for the bath. Given that not everyone has the option of making the furnace under the order, today the market is full of factory models for every taste. The only difficulty: choose the optimal model that will meet your needs and all the parameters of the steam room.

Choice of stove for a bath

Classification of stoves: by type of fuel

So, there is three different types of heaters and one combined:

• wood;
• gas;
• electric;
• gas-wood respectively.

Each of them can be adapted to your type of steam room, despite the fact that only wood-burning stoves are recognized as true connoisseurs. Although this is not surprising, since the comfort of the procedures themselves wood stove is superior to all others. In such a bath, it is quite easy to breathe, the atmosphere is natural, and the air is optimally humid. The only drawback is the complexity of service.

The furnace on a thermoelectric heater significantly dries the air, compared to wood. In addition, TEN consumes a lot of electricity, so if you take a long time to steam, it can be a very expensive pleasure. Gas furnaces are almost as good as wooden ones, but here the difficulty is in installing gas equipment, and in the presence of gas lines in general.

. Differences in functionality.

. Among the varieties of bathhouse furnaces in functionality are:

• furnaces with built-in steam generators;
• with water tanks;
• with a fire tunnel for throwing firewood straight from the steam room;
• with convection.

Steam generators are usually built only into wood or electric heaters. The latter, among other things, have built-in electronics with the ability to program the firebox and remote control modes.

Power of the furnace and the order of its choice

It is very important to carry out accurate calculations of the parameters of your steam room. The correct operation of the heating system will depend on this: the main condition that must be met is the power range of the sauna stove. This range should correspond to the nominal mode, otherwise the system will cause a lot of problems, either constantly overheating( in case of operation at the maximum range), or not catching up with the temperature to the required time in a given period. But this is easily avoided if you know the design characteristics of the bath. Fortunately, manufacturers specify in the parameters of the furnaces the volume of the steam room for which it is designed( usually in technical specifications).

When calculating the volume of the steam room, , be sure to take into account the loss of heat from the glass doors and windows, so for each such element add 1 cubic meter to the total volume if you don’t want to make more accurate calculations.

• It will be wrong for to choose a sauna stove with an power reserve, counting on the rapid heating of the bath and the same rapid drying after the procedures. Under these conditions, the steam room will operate at its lower power range and you will not have the opportunity to adjust it. However, the furnace will quickly heat the air, but this time is not enough for the stones, so getting additional steam by casting water on hot stones will not work - it will be too rich and heavy.
• On the acquisition of a low-power furnace you also do not save. Working on a limiting mode, such a heater can never provide a heating rate, unlike the optimum one( therefore, the heating time will increase - and the costs together with it), and due to constant overload it will simply soon fail.

From all of the above, it follows that before purchasing an stove, it is necessary to know the heated volume of the bath, taking into account all the nuances of and the capacity of the furnace required for this volume.

The principle of calculating the required power of the stove-heater

As already written earlier, it is not enough to calculate the total volume of the bathroom, because there are a number of nuances that need to be taken into account. If you are not impressed by an approximate calculation, you can follow a few simple steps:

1. When you have a total bath volume on your hands, you also need to separately calculate the total volume of all non-warmed surfaces( this is not only glass, but also bare brickwork, tile facing, etc..).For this, the area of ​​each surface is considered, then multiplied by 1.2 and summed with the total cubic capacity.
2. Some experts advise in the presence of glass doors or windows for more accurate calculations add not 1 cubic meter, but 1.5 cubic meters;
3. In addition, it is necessary to multiply the entire calculated value by 1.5 if the bath consists of logs without thermal insulation.

Having a finite room size, you should choose a stove with a range in which it fits. Moreover, the value of the volume provided should not be located at the boundary points( for example, with a volume of 17 cubic meters, you need to take a stove with a power corresponding to 10-22 cubic meters, but not 17-25 cubic meters).

It is also important for to strictly follow the manufacturer’s recommendations when using the heater. This also applies to permissible operating modes and the number of loaded stones.

But sometimes it happens that the heat output is not indicated by the manufacturer in the data sheet. However, to know this value is necessary. As is known, the volume of the furnace is proportional to the power. That is, taking as a basis the proportion where the stove power with a volume of( V) 30 liters is 15-17 kW, according to the formula where the stove power = 0.5xV, the stove power can be calculated, knowing its geometrical parameters.

Features of the gas stove

For owners of a gasified bath, preferring convenience over tradition, this stove will ideally fit into the design of a steam room. The comfort of this heating option is several points:

• there is no need to constantly monitor the intensity of combustion;
• does not need to harvest firewood and constantly toss it in the furnace during bath procedures;
• there is no need for a stable supply of electricity and related devices( voltage regulator, new wiring, high-quality automatic, etc.)
• in operation has lower costs than a furnace with heating elements;
• have the opportunity to take a gas model that combines the modes of operation on gas cylinders and wood.

Another plus gas stove: easy to clean. With a gas burner, the chimney will be minimally polluted, unlike wood, where burning logs will smoke the walls.

In addition, the gas oven is simple to operate. After all, it does not leave solid combustion products after bath procedures and does not require tossing wood into the furnace.

The difficulty of installing a gas oven

The gas equipment design provides such a small furnace weight, but due to fire safety considerations, gas should be handled very carefully and carefully. Moreover, is not recommended to install the gas stove on its own - it is better to entrust this to an experienced specialist, since any slightest installation error can cause an emergency and life-threatening situation. In addition, during the installation, it is necessary to take into account all the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding the distances when installing wood coatings nearby, etc.

Wooden or electric: what should be preferred?

Quality of microclimate creation

If we compare electric and wooden stoves-heaters by performance, then under the condition of identical external influences these heaters produce almost equal heating power in a given period of time. But as mentioned earlier, the is a wooden stove far ahead of the rest of the in terms of steam quality.

The furnace must have a convection system;

• In order for the heat not to go too quickly into the environment, the furnace must be thermally insulated, that is, not have large surfaces that emit heat above 150 degrees.
• Be sure to design a combustion tunnel and there are several reasons for this. These include: the need for large amounts of air to ensure combustion, the possibility of firing from another room( to avoid dirt in the bath, etc.), for proper circulation of air flow, and last - the heating tunnel makes it possible to arrange the stove in the form of a fireplace.

In general, we can say that in terms of creating a microclimate wood stove is much better and cheaper, because it does not require any additional devices to maintain the required humidity and steam saturation.

Performance Characteristics In terms of ease of use, a modern electric sauna against a wood-burning one is like a Porshe 911 against a Lada Kalina.

• With an electric furnace, the need for constant harvesting of firewood and keeping space for them is eliminated;
• When installing, it will require half the cost of labor, since the electric stove does not require a chimney;
• There are thousands of models with remote control that will make the day off in the bath a real relaxing holiday.

The economic aspect of

It is rather difficult to judge here on the one hand, because everything depends on the needs, on the method of execution of the furnace itself, on the method of operation, and so on. But judging by the standard situation, the will be the electric furnace in the first place, the second - the gas furnace and the last - the wood one.

• When choosing an gas stove, large economic costs can be incurred only if you need to issue a permit for gas equipment or pull the pipe from the main line. The rest is a matter of choice.
• When choosing an electric furnace, most of the money will have to be spent on additional devices that create a natural microclimate and, if desired, electronics for programming modes.
• The wood-fired stove in its classic version requires almost nothing except the design and construction of the flue tunnel. Here, the flow of funds will depend entirely on your taste and additional wishes. When the fireplace tunnel is equipped with a fireplace window, such a furnace can cost no less than an electric one.

Having summed up some results, we can say that the selection criteria can be used to divide ovens into the following groups:

• if you are not a big fan of a traditional Russian oven, then for you any oven will be almost the same;
• if convenience is very important to you - then an electric oven will be the best solution;
• in terms of economy, and lovers of excellent microclimate in the steam room is better to choose the wood, although its maintenance is very time consuming;
• golden mean in convenience and price - gas stove.

The basic rules for installing an

bath stove. Installation is a very important step in creating an ideal bath. And in order to be successful, you need to follow several important rules:

• There is a big difference between brick and metal furnaces in terms of installation: when a brick foundation needs a prepared foundation, the metal one can be installed directly on the floor.
• At the construction stage, you need to think over the chimney in advance: there should be a minimum number of bends. This will ensure a high level of efficiency for your stove at the outlet.
• Also, for the sake of energy conservation inside the system, the chimney near the wood-burning stove should be given a heater to avoid condensation.
• Under the metal furnaces, you need to lay the insulating material. This will prevent heat loss, especially if the floor is made of wood.
• If there is an open fire in your furnace, then it is better to burn out refractory material under it to prevent accidental ignition, since the coals falling on the wooden floor can become a source of fire.
• Also, the kindling zone can be protected with a special insulation shield. The surface of the heater can heat up to 400 degrees during the maximum heating mode of the .From such temperatures, naturally, intense heat is released, which is reflected from nearby surfaces and materials with a fire point close to the tree, like the tree itself, can easily get charred or even ignite. Therefore, shielding the furnace is the right solution. Shield insulation can be purchased at any store for a bath.
• For the same reason, the stove must be installed in a bath according to clear manufacturer's instructions: when buying a stove, make sure that it is accompanied with installation instructions, which describe the distances from the nearest surfaces.
• If you have a combustion channel built up, then for the sake of preserving heat, it should also be made of insulating material.
• A prerequisite for the installation of an electric furnace for a bath is its grounding .The best option would be to use a separate circuit for earthing the heater and the automat, which will be configured for emergency power off in case of any deviations in the network.

Before you start using your bath, you should thoroughly check everything, as self-installation of a stove and other elements of the steam room requires special attention. . If after the completion of work, something is suspicious during the operation of the bath, it is better to consult with the master .

Wood-burning stove: the basic steps of installing

The proper installation of a wood stove will determine its effectiveness and your safety. After all, it is much more comfortable to be in the bath, when you do not need to constantly worry about the possibility of fire or damage to expensive wooden coatings.

Factory wood stoves: how to install?

There are two types of such furnaces:

• with a standard firebox;
• with a separate combustion channel.

As previously stated, the furnace channel is very important in maintaining a healthy microclimate in the bath, because with intensive burning of wood, the air combustion rate is so high that without an additional source, the air in the steam room will not have time to be replenished again. In the presence of the combustion channel it is quite possible to realize additional convection. The convenience of a conventional firebox consists only in the possibility of throwing firewood straight from the steam room, but this has a number of drawbacks that were described earlier.

Acquiring factory heaters is a big plus: any model can be “tailored” to the parameters of your bath using mode settings, or simply choose the one that suits you if you are not low on money.

Homemade ovens: how to install?

Here, of course, the situation is more complicated, but if you follow two basic rules, installing a homemade heater will not cause any particular difficulties.

1. Use an thermal shield. There are two types of shields: steel( cast iron) and brick. They must be installed with a gap of 1-5 cm between the walls of the furnace and the screen. It is not necessary to create a fence around the heater over the entire area; it is enough to protect the side that is too close to the combustible surface. To do this, the front and side screens are sold separately, that is, you can purchase any as needed. Such a shield will reduce the temperature of the furnace from 300 to 90 degrees Celsius. Fortunately, installing them is now quite simple - in modern screens there are special legs for attaching to the floor. In addition to safety, a thermal shield will increase the compactness of your furnace, which can play a significant role in the design of the bath itself and reduce the cost of additional space.
2. Any floor in front of the firebox, except for concrete( it can be left as it is), must be covered with a protective sheet of metal with insulation. This will prevent damage to it if the fuel accidentally hits during tossing.

Brick kiln: basic steps for installing

Usually, the first mistake in installing brick heater is to make it yourself, with an insufficient amount of knowledge and experience. The desire to save on the services of a professional usually leads to irreparable errors in the design of the furnace.

If you still want to make a brick sauna with your own hands, then you will need detailed drawings of both the stove and the chimney itself. You will also need high-quality materials: refractory bricks, special bonding material that does not crumble under the influence of critical temperatures and so on.

Zakadka

foundation Since foundation of the furnace must be laid simultaneously with the foundation of the bath, it is necessary to think about its design even before construction begins. If the furnace is metal, then this stage can be skipped.

The foundation of a bath stove is the most difficult part of the process of building a steam room with your own hands. Economically, this stage accounts for 20% of the total cost of construction, and in terms of time and labor costs - even more. On the one hand, it will be quieter to entrust this question to professional builders - this will be faster in time and will relieve unnecessary tasks. But on the other hand, if the team gets unfair and floods, for example, poor-quality concrete, you will know about it after at least a year and will not be able to correct this error.

So, to comply with the technology, you will need to know the deformation of the soil and the characteristics of its bearing capacity.

1. Determination of the type of soil .A reliable method for determining the type of soil is the method of cutting. According to this method, it is necessary to make several holes, at least 1.5 meters deep, so that layers of soil can be seen. Depending on the type of soil and using the reference characteristics of the cut of the soil, you can determine the carrying capacity of the land on the plot. Standard - from 2 kg / sq. Cm.
2. . Mass determination of the bath. When calculating it, you need to take into account not only the weight of building materials, but also the items that will be inside. Knowing these values, you can calculate the load on the foundation, and, accordingly, determine its composition and characteristics. But the best solution would still be seeking advice from a professional.

Further, knowing all the parameters of the stove foundation( we omit the calculation of the foundation parameters for the whole bath), a recess( trench) is made at its location, with a depth of at least 75 cm.15 cm. Pre-watered with water, the layer is compacted;

Next, a 20-centimeter layer of crushed bricks is filled up;

In conclusion, the last layer - 10 cm of rubble, pre-watered, tamped.

Oven

A form for the steel frame is put on top of the formed multi-layer base, which is placed inside. Further, the pre-prepared concrete is poured into the form before reaching the ground level by no more than 10-15 cm. At the freezing stage, be sure to use the construction level so that the surface is perfectly level. The form is removed after the final solidification and level measurements.

Waterproofing

When the foundation is laid, waterproofing takes place in several layers:

• A roofing material is laid over the frozen concrete;
• Next, a layer of bricks is laid;
• Bricks are closed with the last layer of roofing material.

In the interval between new layers of , it is necessary to periodically measure the level of all deviations of .If you want the stove for a bath with your own hands not to deliver in the aftermath of major problems, you must follow all the rules for laying the foundation.

Brick masonry for a bath

For masonry of a bath stove, you will need:

• refractory mortar,
• refractory bricks of several varieties( often use fireclay bricks, but other options are possible, depending on the task),
• elements for floor / door and handles.

The stove itself can be of several types:

• Kamyanka "With a stove" - the heating of the stones is very long, it comes from the stove, which heats in turn from the heat of the burning fuel and almost completely blocks the chimney, gives little to no dirt or soot.
• The Kamenka "On White" is similar to the previous type, but with a partially open chimney, it heats up for a long time - about 12 hours, dirt and soot is the minimum amount;
• Kamenka "Over gray" - with the presence of a chimney, the average heating time, gives a moderate amount of soot because of the open walls of the chimney;
• Kamenka "On black" - completely without a chimney, heats up quickly, to use a steam room with such a stove, you will have to wait for complete combustion of the fuel;

Drawings are selected depending on the design of the building itself. Fortunately, there are a huge number of varieties. When the drawing is already approximately selected, it is necessary to decide on the type of firebox that will be laid out in the furnace: grate or headless. The first type gives a high-power flame and intense burning, but it is more difficult to maintain at times than a grateless, which in turn is very economical and economically consumes wood fuel. A fire box with grates is also great if you have raw wood or freshly prepared wood( it will ensure a rapid temperature rise inside the combustion chamber).

If all these stages do not frighten you, you are ready to spend a lot of time and effort to design a handmade stove - then you can start laying, along with using teaching aids and accurate measurements. But, nevertheless, this stage is very difficult and without experience in designing such complex devices it will be very difficult to avoid mistakes. Sometimes you can save just by calling a specialist.

Screening of the furnace: types and application of thermal screens

Now let's talk more about the shields of insulation of thermal radiation. In general, the need for their installation is determined by the location of your heater against the walls. If it is possible to put the oven at a sufficient distance, then shielding may not be necessary. On average, the safe distance for operating a furnace without screens is 30-35 cm( depending on the intensity of heat) in the case of a brick brick, and 100 cm - if metal. But if the bath space is limited, the screen is what will save you space in the small room and provide a safe rest. First of all, such shields are put for a Russian wooden bath. If the walls of the sauna are brick and covered with a fire-resistant coating, it is possible to put the stove closer to the wall to save space.

The design of the screens for the furnaces is quite different, but in general the principle of operation is the same for everyone. Metal( steel, cast iron or other) walls of the screen consist of tubular hollow elements that provide high refractory properties. When using a metal shield, the heat radiated by the furnace is reduced by 4 times. They are also very convenient for installation.

With a brick screen you can enhance not only the fire safety of the bath, but also its aesthetic qualities. The most relevant material for the calculation of the protective casing of the stove is chamotte brick due to its fire-resistant and other suitable characteristics. Depending on the thickness of the masonry, the protective properties of the screen will change. If you make a quarter of a brick, the fire resistance will fall about 2 times from standard, half masonry. Brick shields usually make several holes in a quarter and a half bricks to increase convection currents. The shield itself is placed at a distance of 5-8 cm from the walls of the furnace.

The most popular brick screens in combination with convection stoves are most often used for models where the fire tunnel is external, that is, with loading firewood from another room. In addition, on the basis of a brick shield, you can make a fireplace insert.

As a final touch, you can make not only the screen, but also the refractory wall covering( especially if the walls are easily inflammable).Often, uses the stainless steel sheet as the first layer. In the second layer, you can use any of the following materials:

• Minerit - special refractory plates created for thermal insulation and fire protection of fireplaces, boilers, stoves, etc.
• Asbestos cardboard;
• Basalt wool.

Usually, the lining is made like this: the first layer is fireproof lining, the distance to the wall is 2-3 cm;the second layer is a sheet of stainless steel at a distance of 1-2 cm from the insulation. At the same time, the distance to the firebox should not exceed 38 cm( according to SNiP 41-01-2003).

Since stainless steel can spoil the overall look of the bath, it is recommended to revet it with suitable fire-resistant materials, such as:

• Clinker tiles;
• Porcelain Tile;
• Terracotta tiles from baked clay;
• Wild stone( natural stone).

In general, how to make your bath comfortable for you is up to you. The main thing to immediately assess how much time, effort and money will go to the bath of your dreams, whether to do it yourself or give preference to professionals.