LED lamp with his hands: konstruktsiz, the circuit assembly

LED-lamps are widely used in household organization, street and industrial lighting. Their important advantages is efficiency, environmental friendliness, simplicity of maintenance.

LED lamp made with their own hands will certainly find its application in your home. For detailed information on the production, as well as the assembly drawing, you will find in the present article.

Principle of operation LED-device

Based LED lamps is a single-sided semiconductor, which value is several millimeters. It occurs unidirectional movement of electrons that allows to convert AC power to DC.

Consisting of several layers of crystal LED characterized two types of conductivity: positively and negatively charged particles.

Side, which contains a minimal amount of electrons received title hole (p-type), while the other with a large number of these particles is referred to as e (n-type).

In the collision elements on the p-n-transition they collide, generating photons of light particles. If at this time to maintain the system at a constant voltage, the LED will emit a steady stream of light. This effect is used in all designs of LED-lamps.

Four types of LED devices

Depending on the placement of LEDs, such models can be divided into the following categories:

1. DIP. Crystal is configured with two conductors, over which there is a magnifier. Modification is widely used in the manufacture of signs and garlands.
2. "Piranha". Instruments collect similar to the previous version, but provide four outputs. Reliable and robust design for car equipment used most often.
3. SMD. Crystal is stacked, which significantly improves heat dissipation, and also helps to reduce the device dimensions.
4. IDS. In this case, the LED is soldered directly to the board, thus increasing the luminescence intensity and the protection against overheating.

A significant drawback COB-devices - the inability to replace individual elements, because of what has to acquire a new mechanism for a single chip of the failed.

The chandeliers and other home lighting fixtures commonly used SMD construction.

Apparatus LED-lamps

LED lamp consists of the following six parts:

• Light-emitting diode;
• basement;
• driver;
• diffuser;
• radiator.

The active element of this device is an LED, generating a stream of light waves.

Cap, which can have a different type and size, and is used for other types of lamps - fluorescent, halogen, incandescent. At the same time, some LED-devices, such as LED Strip, can do without this part.

An important design element is a driver that converts the mains voltage into a rod on which chip operates.

From this site depends largely on the efficient operation of the lamp, in addition, high-quality driverHaving good galvanic isolation provides bright, constant light flux with no hint of blinking.

Neutral LED produces a directed beam of light. To change the angle of its distribution and provide high-quality lighting, use a diffuser. Another function of this component is to protect the circuitry from mechanical and natural influences.

Radiator is designed to dissipate heat, the excess of which can damage the device. Reliable operation of the radiator to optimize lamp performance and extend its life.

The smaller the detail, the greater the heat load will have to withstand a LED that will affect the speed of his burnout.

Advantages and disadvantages of self-made lamp

Specialty stores offer a wide selection of LED devices. However, sometimes it is impossible to find in the range of the device that meets the necessary parameters. In addition, LED-devices traditionally have a high cost.

Meanwhile, it is possible to save money and get the perfect lamp, follow the assembly yourself. Make it easy, and it will be enough elementary technical knowledge and practical skills.

Made with their own hands LED-unit has a number of significant advantages over store-bought counterpart. They are economical: with careful assembly and the use of quality components operating period up to 100 thousand hours.

These devices show a high degree of efficiency, which is determined by the power consumption ratio and brightness of light generated. Finally, the cost is much lower than the factory counterparts.

Problems of self-production

The main issues that must be solved in the manufacture of LED-lamps, a translation of an alternating electric current in pulsed and its alignment to a constant. In addition, it is necessary to limit the power of elektropotoka 12 volts, which is necessary for the diode power.

Thinking device should also resolve a number of structural problems, namely:

• how to arrange the LEDs and circuit;
• how to isolate the system;
• how to ensure heat transfer in the device.

Before assembly, it is desirable to consider all of these issues with regard to the requirements that apply to the self-made light source.

Schemes of LED lamps

First of all, should develop a variant of the assembly. There are two main ways, each of which has its own pros and cons. Below we will look at them in more detail.

Option with a diode bridge

The circuit includes four diodes which are connected in different directions. With this bridge becomes possible to transform AC current pulsed at 220 V.

This occurs as follows: when passing on two diodes half sine wave, they change, which causes the loss of polarity.

When assembling to the positive output capacitor is connected to the axle; to the negative terminal - resistance at 100 ohms. Another capacitor is behind the bridge he will need to smooth out the surges.

Production of LED element

The simplest way to create a LED lamp is to perform the light source on the basis of the broken lamp. It is necessary to test the functionality of the detected parts that can be done with the battery to 12 V.

Defective components must be replaced. To do this, unsolder contacts, removing the faulty elements, replace them with new ones. It is important to comply with the alternation of the anodes and cathodes, which are mounted in series.

If you want to change only 2-3 pieces of the chip, simply solder them into sections, where the failed components earlier.

With complete self-assembly needs to be connected in a series of 10 diodes, respecting the polarity rules. Several made circuits are soldered to the wires.

When assembling circuits important to ensure that the welded ends do not touch each other, as this may result in the closure device and system failure.

Adaptations for softer light

To avoid flicker inherent LED-lamps, the above described circuit can be supplemented by a few parts. Thus, it should consist of a diode bridge, resistors 100 and 230 ohms, capacitor 400 nF and 10 microfarads.

To protect the device from surges in the beginning of the circuit is placed in a 100 ohm resistor, which was soldered 400 nF capacitor, after it installed a diode bridge and one resistor to 230 ohms, followed by the assembled chain LEDs.

Devices with resistor resistance

A similar scheme is also quite accessible novice master. For its implementation requires two resistors 12k and two chains of the same number of LEDs are soldered in series with the correct polarity. In this case one strip from R1 connects the cathode, and the other - with R2 - anode.

Made under this scheme lamps have a soft light, as active elements are lit one by one, so that the pulsation of outbreaks is almost invisible to the naked eye.

The devices are successfully used as a table lamp and other purposes. To create optimal lighting experts recommend the use of tapes from the diodes 20-40. Fewer gives a small light output Connect a larger number of elements is technically quite difficult to perform.

An important element: LED driver

To work correctly, LED-devices made with their own hands, should decide the issue with the driver. The layout of this unit is fairly simple. operation algorithm consists in passing AC 220V to the diode bridge through a capacitor C1.

The rectified current goes to serially connected LEDs HL1-HL27, the number of which can reach 80 pieces.

that avoid flickering and stably achieve equal color desired to use a capacitor C2, which should have the largest possible capacity.

Enclosures for LED lighting

Before assembly, it is important to decide where it will be placed assembled circuit.

There are several solutions to this problem - you can use the device location:

• lamp base incandescent;
• housing from blown energy saving lamps or halogen;
• made with their own hands the device.

The first embodiment has an important advantage. When using spin easily assembled LED device into the cartridge, thereby providing the heat transfer.

It should be noted that in addition to the obvious advantages, this method has obvious disadvantages. The assembled structure is not very aesthetic appearance, moreover, in this case is difficult to perform reliable isolation.

Convenient and practical option - to put a homemade device in the body of energy-saving lamps. To do this, you first need to dismantle the blown unit, took out the converter board.

Assembled circuit can be inserted, using different methods:

• The diodes are placed in the holes, which is done in the cover under the glass bulb.
• Scheme can be positioned within the cap, which ensures heat exchange. In this case, the LED-elements are inserted and fixed in the existing holes.
• Fee can be hidden in the plinth. To carry out the process is convenient to use ordinary plastic cap from the bottle with water.

To accommodate LEDs masters often applied to make their own hands a circle of plastic or cardboard, which are drilled holes for diodes. When carefully executed work these devices look quite aesthetically pleasing.

Another option is to use a halogen lamp housing. He is not widely used, because in this case there is no way to tighten the lamp into the socket. However, this modification is used to make home-made indicators and other devices.

If you decide to use for the bulb housing, we recommend that you read our other article, which we have described in detail how the disassembly of various types of light bulbs. Read more - go on link.

Materials for making homemade

In addition to the housing, and the other elements needed to create the lamp. It is, first of all the LEDs that can be purchased in the form of LED-strips or individual elements NK6. The current strength of each part is 100-120 mA; Voltage 3-3,3 V.

Also needed 1N4007 rectifier diodes or diode bridge, as well as fuses, which can be found in the basement of the old device.

Need and a capacitor, the capacitance and voltage of which must match the number of wiring and used therein LED-elements.

If you do not use ready-made card, you need to think about the frame, which carries the LEDs. For its manufacture suitable thermostable material which is not a metal and a non-conductive electrical current.

Typically, such a part is made of durable plastics or cardboard. For mounting of LED elements to the frame will need liquid nails or superglue.

Putting a simple LED-lamp

Consider the performance of the lamp in a standard socket of the fluorescent lamp. To do this, we will have some changes to the materials above.

In this case, we use:

• old E27;
• LEDs NK6;
• RLD2-1 driver;
• piece of plastic or cardboard;
• Super glue;
• wiring;
• soldering iron, pliers, scissors.

Originally need to disassemble the lamp. At luminescent devices connect to the base plate with the tubes by means of latches. It is important to find a place and hook fastener elements with a screwdriver, so you can easily detach the cartridge.

Analyzing device, you need to exercise extreme caution to prevent damage to the tubes, inside which is a toxic substance. At the same time necessary to monitor the integrity of the wiring connected to the cap, and store the details contained therein.

The upper part of a connected discharge tubes we use to perform the plate needed for connecting LEDs. It suffices to remove the tubular elements, and the remaining circular openings LED-secure parts.

For their reliable fastening is better to make an additional plastic or cardboard cover, which will serve to isolate the chips.

The LED lamp NK6 be applied, each of which consists of 6 crystals with parallel connection. They allow you to create a fairly bright lighting fixture with a minimum consumption of electricity.

To connect each LED to the cover must perform two holes. They should be carefully pierced in strict accordance scheme.

The plastic part allows you to firmly fix the LED-elements, whereas the use of cardboard requires additional fixing to the base of light-emitting diodes using liquid nails or superglue.

Since the device is designed to use the six LEDs of 0.5 watts each, in the circuit is necessary to provide three parallel connected elements.

The design, which will operate from the power supply capacity of 220, it is necessary to provide RLD2-1 driver, which must be purchased in the store or run independently.

To avoid short circuit before the assembly it is important to insulate the driver and pay one another using plastic or cardboard. Since the lamp is almost not heated, not to worry about overheating.

Picking up all the components can be assembled structure of the scheme, and then connect it to the mains, to check the glow.

A device operating from a standard cartridge with a power of 220 V, has low power consumption and power of 3 watts. The latter figure is 2-3 times less than that of the luminescent device, and 10 times less than that of incandescent lamps.

While light output is only 100-120 lumens, thanks to the dazzling white color of the lamp seems much brighter. The collected light can be used as a desktop or lighting of the compact space such as a closet or hallway.

Conclusions and useful videos on the topic

In the following video you can see a detailed account of the professional self-assembly of LED-lamp:

LED lamp, formed independently, have high performance characteristics. They almost do not concede to the factory model of the qualities of strength, reliability and durability.

The assembly of such devices is available to almost everyone: for the success of its implementation is only necessary to strictly follow the patterns and accurately perform all the prescribed manipulation.

Perhaps you have had to collect the LED lamp with your hands and you can give valuable advice to our visitors? Or after reading the article, I have questions? Please leave your comments in the box located below.