Connecting a single-phase electric meter: diagrams and list of actions

Electricity is an important component of the life of modern society. Without it, no electronic device that is in the house will function. At the same time, it is very expensive, and it is necessary to exercise constant control over its testimony in order not to overpay more than it should be. To this end, technical experts have developed and manufactured a number of specialized devices. Connecting a single-phase electric meter is a responsible and difficult task, but for those who want to learn the basics of the process, there are many instructions and schemes.

Electric meter construction types

By constructional type, electricity meters are divided into two categories.

Induction( mechanical) electric meters

are a group of well-known electricity meters, equipped with a rotating wheel, which is installed inside the housing of the electric device. The faster it rotates, the more energy consumption increases. To display information about the meter readings, special drums with numbers are used.

Single-phase induction counter

Structurally, induction meters consist of the following elements:

• Voltage coils used to limit the level of alternating current. It protects the electronic device from the negative effects of interference from third-party sources, and also forms a magnetic flux proportional to the voltage;
• Current coil, creating a level of alternating magnetic flux, commensurate with the current;
• The counting mechanism in the form of a worm gear;
• Aluminum disc;
• Permanent magnet, creating a smooth course of the disc.

The principle of operation of the induction power meter

When connected to the network, the coils of current and voltage create magnetic fluxes that pass through the surface of the aluminum disk. It should be noted that the current created by the current coil differs from the current that comes from the voltage coil in its U-shape, which permeates the disk several times. As a result of the action of streams, forces of an electromechanical character are formed that drive the disk.

D is a disk, M is a magnet, 2 is an axis of the disk, the upper coil( voltages), and the lower current

Then the axial side of the disk interacts with a counting mechanism made according to the worm( gear-screw) principle of transmission, which ensures the transmission of the necessaryinformation signals on digital drums.

Ring with a toothed crown on top, which is worn a “worm”, equipped with

torsion elements. Over time, the signal power level decreases and at this moment a permanent braking magnet starts to work, equalizing the frequency oscillations of the disk rotation. This occurs as a result of interaction with vortex-type flows. In the course of its work, the magnet creates an electromechanical force, which is the reverse torsion of the disk, which contributes to reducing the speed of the disk or stopping it completely.

Representatives of this group of devices for control and metering of electricity were widely used during the Soviet era, however, now even in most apartments such devices are installed. Such popularity and demand is determined by a simple design and low cost devices.

Advantages and disadvantages of induction type meters

Advantages:

• High reliability;
• Large operational life( about 20 years);
• High stability( no dependence on the voltage drop in the network);
• Low cost.

Disadvantages:

• Low accuracy class( ranging from 2 to 2.5 units);
• High current consumption for self-sustainment;
• Increased readability error at low load;
• Impossibility to simultaneously account for active and reactive type of electricity;
• Unidirectional energy accounting;
• Large size.

In the process of collecting information about the performance and analysis of the deficiencies of induction meters, design engineers( power engineers) developed a more advanced and reliable type of electricity metering devices, which was called electronic.

Electronic Electricity Meters

These are a group of modern metering and data collection devices for electricity consumption and consumption. These devices are equipped with a more complex component base, which allows for computational operations with a sufficient level of accuracy.

Electronic Electricity Meters

The main task of electronic electricity meters is to gather information around the clock about the indications of the power consumed by the part of the electrical circuit being monitored, and then provide data in a form that is familiar to humans.

These devices are created to interact with two types of current circuits:

• Constant values ​​(devices that interact with this type of circuits are used exclusively in large enterprises that operate high-power equipment and equipment).
• Sinusoidal harmonic shape.

Meter, interacting with AC circuits, are manufactured for domestic use and are used for connection to single-phase and three-phase systems for supplying voltage( electricity).

Structurally, electronic meters are made of the following elements:

• Terminal block designed for connection to electrical wires.
• LCD display panel used for data output.
• Controls.
• Measuring Transformers.
• Printed circuit board with electronic components.
• protective cover( enclosure).

The principle of operation of electronic energy meters

Signals are received from two networks on two counters, current and voltage. Further, these signals from the outputs of the sensors arrive at the amplifiers, where they are amplified. Then the amplified signals are fed to the ADC( analog-to-digital converter) and converted to digital form. After the digitized signals are fed to the multiplier.

Next, the digitized signal is filtered and output to devices:

1. Indications;

2. Integration;

3. Measurement Transfer;

4. Further conversion.

Advantages and disadvantages of electronic meters

Advantages:

• High measurement accuracy class( from 1 unit).
• The presence of several tariffs( from 2).
• The ability to account for the reactive and active components using one device.
• Bidirectional energy accounting.
• Measurement of qualitative and quantitative readings of power.
• Storage of electricity metering data.
• Data Availability.
• fixing attempts of theft of electricity.
• Remote access to readings.
• Compact.

Disadvantages:

• Increased sensitivity to voltage fluctuations in the network.
• Relatively high cost.
• The complexity of the repair( due to elemental features).

A set of tools and materials necessary for the installation of

In order to proceed with the installation of the meter and the installation of the corresponding electrical part, it is necessary to acquire the following materials and tools:

• Electricity meter, that is, by the device itself, which will be mounted;
• Subscriber shield, which is intended for storage of installed equipment;
• Toolkit with insulating handles;
• Voltage Indicator( Indication);
• DIN rails used for fixing( circuit breakers);
• Circuit Breakers;
• Electrical wires, which subsequently will serve to connect the elements of the system;
• set of nuts and screws;
• insulators.

Connecting a single-phase power meter with an

scheme Installing a single-phase electricity meter is the simplest connection option, since the maximum number of wires used for installation is 6 pieces, not including the load. The input circuit of the meter with a similar connection method consists of the following wires: a phase wire( F), a working “zero” wire( H) and if there are protective ground wires( PE).The same will happen in the output circuit of the counter.

Single-phase connection of the counter

It should be remembered that the circuit breaker mounted in front of the meter can be not installed. However, for convenience, for example, when it is necessary to completely de-energize an object on an emergency basis or to carry out preventive and remedial work inside the shield it is recommended to install it.

Step-by-Step Instructions

1. We install the counter into the guard housing using fasteners( screws and nuts), which are included in the shield package.
2. We fix the automata using special latches( installed on them), on the surface of the DIN rail - 35 mm curved plate -.After that, the resulting construction is mounted and fastened to the supporting insulators with screws.

   Automator and RCD, mounted on a DIN rail.

3. We install tires for fastening the protective and grounding wires to the support insulators, fixing them on the DIN rail, using connecting elements. Do not forget to maintain a distance between them in order to prevent the possibility of a short circuit between the wires.

   Bus( grounding and zeroing), mounted on an insulator

4. We make the connection of loads: the phase wire( F) is connected to the lower terminals of the machines, and the ground wires and the working "zero" with the corresponding tires.
5. We carry out the connection of the upper clamps using jumpers - you can buy in the store - or make yourself from the remnants of the wire used during installation, after removing the insulation layer( about 1 cm.).

   Self-made jumper to connect the clamps of the

6. machine unit We carry out the connection of the device to the loads: the third terminal of the device - the “phase” output - connect to the upper line of the clamps of the automatic machines( or with one of them, using the jumper), the fourth terminal of the counter - the “zero” output - bringto tire scratch.
7. Before turning the meter into the network, we determine the wires by type( phase, zero, protective).In the event that there is no neutral wire to determine the phase contact we touch them with a wire connected to the indicator, and it will show where the phase is. If protective grounding is present, it can be detected along the green conductor.
8. After determining the types of wires, we de-energize the object to which network the connection of the meter is planned.
9. Then we connect the "phase" wire to the first terminal, and the "zero" wire to the third terminal of the meter.

We remember that the installation of wiring is carried out according to the principle “from end to beginning”, that is, we initially connect the loads to the machines, then connect the machines to the meter and only then proceed to the meter itself!

Video: electricity meter connection diagram for 1 phase

The modern market for electricity metering and control devices provides an extensive selection of products, which are divided into several categories. Each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Knowing these parameters, you can choose the most suitable counter for yourself and easily install it in your home.