One effective for this upgrading heating systems designed to make it more productive and reliable, is the installation of the collector unit. The apparatus, replacing the traditional designs of linear structures designed to improve usability and maintainability exploitation system.
How does the collector for heating and any particular installation should take into account a closer look.
The content of the article:
- The principle of operation of the distributor
-
Types collectors for heating
- Type # 1 - radiator heating collector
- Type # 2 - hydraulic hand
- Type # 3 - solar collector installation
- Modifications distribution combs
- Recommendations proper choice
- installation and connection rules
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
The principle of operation of the distributor
The main purpose distribution manifold - evenly distribute the heat flows coming from the main line, the system circuits and due to the circulation circulation return chilled liquid to the boiler.
The individual branches of the system connected to the collector, are independent of each other.
The device is an intermediate distribution node key elements whose two interconnected parts are:
- feed comb - responsible for feeding the coolant;
- reverse - performs the function of removing the cooled coolant to the heat generator.
Together they form a group of the collector. From each rake leaves several terminals for connecting circuits, leading to the radiators.
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Collectron node distributes the heat flows for all components and devices of the heating system
Manifold for the organization of radiation heating systems can be purchased at zavodskoi performance or make their own hands
For making home-made collector devices use polypropylene tubes and steel
Heated up to operating temperature coolant is supplied first into the reservoir from which the pipes flows to each of the parallel connected devices substantially simultaneously
Manifold assembly usually consists of two combs. One of them receives and distributes the heated coolant, the second collects the cooled
Radiation heating device solutions often combined with double and embodiments monotube
Practically mandatory heating circuit manifold involve installation of at least one circulating pump. Preferably, it was equipped with each heating ring
To remove the sludge from the heating system collecting dirt separator combs are complemented, for the possibility of drain - ball valves
Heating system collector
factory performance collector
Manifold pipes of PP
Collector wiring in the home
Components collector unit
The combination of a collector with a two-pipe scheme
Technical equipment-beam systems
Dirt separator and ball valves
Each output device may be provided with discharge valves and shut-off or regulating valve.
Their presence makes it possible to regulate the pressure within each loop and in case of need detachably threads for repair, for example, to block the coolant flow.
To improve system performance and gain the ability to control all heating processes in each room heated homes, housing Manifold It involves also as for the installation of the platform:
- The air discharge valve;
- weir valves;
- flow meters;
- heat meters.
The operating principle of the collector system is quite simple. Preheat the heat source fluid is fed into the feed comb.
Within intermediate node collecting velocity of the fluid is slowed down due to the increased inner diameter of the device is redistributed among all taps.
The number of taps on the distributor can be any, and, if necessary, always can be boost design additional taps
Knowing the water flow is equal to the capacity of the heat source, and the speed of movement of water, it is easy to find the necessary cross-sectional area. Only preliminary should translate liters into a convenient unit for calculating mm3.
After connecting pipes, whose cross section is less than the diameter of the pipe manifold assembly, the coolant flows in a separately laid contours and moves to the radiators or to nets underfloor heating.
Due to this distribution appropriately warmed each element equal supplied with coolant temperature.
The inner diameter of the collector is determined by calculation so that the movement speed of the coolant therein was not greater than 0.7 m / s
Upon reaching the battery and giving heat obtained by heating liquid is sent to another pipe in the opposite direction to the distribution unit. There she comes on the back of a comb, from which is routed to the heat source.
For a country cottage with the collector system It is considered to be the most effective and reliable.
The only thing that can stop the zealous hozyaina- cost. After improvement of the system will cost more than a conventional unit system of the T type.
This arrangement, suggesting improvement individual feeding pipes, creates the conditions for uniform heating radiators
Types collectors for heating
Commutator installation used in the design of closed circuit heating systems, are of three varieties.
Depending on the design of the appointment on the market are: the radiator and solar systems, and devices equipped with gidrostrelkoy.
Type # 1 - radiator heating collector
Whatever type of heating has not been designed in-house, the radiators are always present in it. Therefore manifolds that distribute the coolant flows directly to the batteries installed in the rooms, are the most popular type.
Dispensing assembly consists of two interlocking combs: first directs the coolant to the installed devices in the rooms, the second - draws it back to the boiler
Collectors used in radiator heating, depending on the architectural and interior features of the room can be connected in various ways.
By connecting method radiator heating system can be performed in any of the following embodiments execution:
- top connection;
- lower connection;
- setting side;
- keeping diagonally.
The most widely used is still lower connection method. With such wiring circuits, hidden under the baseboards or floor surface, not so conspicuous.
And the calculations confirm that the lower joining all private heating advantages are fully utilized.
Collector radiator equip each floor of the house. Place it in the center of the masking device in the pocket or in hosted for him on a wall locker.
The place for installation should be chosen so that as far as possible to all devices summed branches of equal length.
If you can not achieve equality connected to the collector rings, each outlet is provided with its own circulation pump.
In fact, all connected to the switch node branch is a separate circuit with its own shut-off valve, and sometimes automatic.
A striking example of the heating circuit manifold is water underfloor heating.
The collector wiring scheme ensures uniform supply of heat in all rings water system "warm floors"
Pipelines underfloor collected from copper pipes or plastic analogs for compounds used unsplit fittings.
The heating rings mounted valves, through which coolant flow is controlled and, if necessary, disable "warm floors" of obschedomovoy heating network.
Manifold "warm floor" is a structure comprising a series of tubular rings, which is laid under the floor
Such systems are always equipped with a circulating pump. Its collector is disposed in the intermediate node at the input to the inverse direction of the pipe.
The number of nozzles on the distribution unit depends on the number of premises, fixated on a comb.
Number of groups collector is determined focusing on the contour length. The basis of the calculations taking ratio at which one group of the collector pipe is 120 meters.
Type # 2 - hydraulic hand
At arrangement and branched powerful heating systems, which project in residential buildings of large area, distribution manifolds are used, equipped with decoupling cylinder or gidrostrelkoy.
When installing a bridge from one side to it is connected circuit of the boiler, and on the other - or radiator heating "warm floor".
Hydraulic arrow represents a vertical hollow tube, equipped at the ends of elliptical plugs, the main purpose of which - equalize pressure exerted on the coolant
The presence of the hydraulic distributor of the arrow can solve several problems at once:
- avoid abrupt temperature drops in the pipes, detrimental effect on the operational life of the system;
- due to mix with the secondary circulation and maintain constant part of the coolant volume of the boiler water, as well as to save fuel and electricity;
- in case of need to compensate for in the secondary circuit flow deficit.
Maintaining the temperature balance is achieved in that the device allows to separate the hydraulic circuit of the boiler on the secondary circuit.
manufacturing embodiment improvised collector the distributor equipped gidrostrelkoy which is made of steel square tubing and fittings equipped
Optimal operation system equipped gidrostrelkoy can be provided on condition that each circuit is equipped with its own circulation pump.
Type # 3 - solar collector installation
Devices of this type are selected in the regeneration autonomous negazifitsirovannyh aqueduct in areas where solar radiation level is high enough.
Air combs, operating on solar energy, work by the greenhouse effect, converting sunlight into heat energy
solar installations design is slightly different from traditional counterparts. In fact, they represent a kind of greenhouse, accumulating solar energy.
The natural circulation of the coolant in them is carried out by convection and flows under the influence of an absorbing plate attached to the fan.
Distributor absorbing solar rays, is a small flat box covered with black plate absorbent. This heat reception plate and accumulates heat.
The accumulated heat is transferred to the coolant, which role can act air or fluid circulating through the pipes.
The main purpose of the solar collector - direct and redistribute light energy for domestic needs and requirements
The sale can be seen moving sewer systems operating on solar energy. Their design is arranged so that the mirror and the heating elements are "follow" the movements of the sun, so that its energy is absorbed to the maximum.
But because of the high cost of equipment the use of solar installations as the main source of heating in the conditions of climate, even the southern regions of our country unprofitable.
And because more of them involve an additional source of heat in the regeneration heating with ispollzovaniem solid and gas-fired boilers.
Modifications distribution combs
Today the market of equipment a lot of variety of collectors for heating systems.
Manufacturers offer as a link of the simplest version, the construction of which does not provide for auxiliary valves for controlling the equipment, and manifold blocks with full mounted elements.
Manifold block incorporating all necessary functional elements for conditioning the smooth, high-performance of the heating system
Simple devices is performed by a brass model inch passage branches equipped with two coupling holes on the sides.
In the return manifold such devices have stubs, instead of which in the case of "capacity" of the system it is always possible to install additional devices.
More sophisticated constructive solutions intermediate holding units are equipped with ball valves. Under each finger they accommodate shutoff control valves. Heaped expensive models can be equipped with:
- flowmeters, The main purpose of which - to regulate the coolant flow in each loop;
- temperature sensorsDesigned to control the temperature of each heater;
- air vent type automatic water drain;
- electronic valves and mixersAimed at maintaining the programmed temperature.
Of circuits depending on connectable users can vary from 2 to 10 pieces.
Regardless of the complexity and versatility in the manufacture of combs equipment manifold blocks they use materials that are resistant to external factors
If you take as a basis material of manufacture, the intermediate holding collectors are:
- brass - have high performance options at an affordable price.
- stainless - steel structures are extremely durable. They can easily withstand a lot of pressure.
- polypropylene - models made of polymeric materials, although the low price are different, but all the characteristics of inferior metal "brethren."
Model made from metal, to prolong the life and improve the operating parameters of treated and coated with anticorrosive insulation compositions.
Separator structure, made of polymers used in the regeneration systems, power boilers heated from 13 to 35 kW
device parts may be cast or execution of the same feature collet clamps that allow for connection with plastic pipes.
However, experts advise not to choose a comb with a collet, because they often "sin" Dribble coolant in field valve connection. This occurs due to rapid failure of the seal. And replace it is not always possible.
Collectors are used in one- and two-pipe heating circuits. In pipe systems, one comb delivers the heated coolant and receives cooled
Recommendations proper choice
The main difficulty lies not only in the installation of the collector, but also the right choice of equipment.
When choosing a comb model should focus on the following parameters:
- Maximum allowable pressure for that model. It defines the type of material from which the distributor can be made.
- Throughput capability of the assembly.
- Availability of assistive devices.
- The number of output nozzles of the comb. It must match the number of cooling circuits.
- It is possible to join the elements.
All operating parameters are indicated in the passport of the product.
For arrangement of floor independent heating circuits equipped with autonomous control, the comb should be installed on each floor of the house.
When selecting and installing of floor distributors are guided by the parameters of the "subsystem", which they are meant to serve.
Thanks to Floor placing combs, if necessary, you can always turn off the heating system as a plurality of individual devices and the entire floor
This greatly simplifies the maintenance of the heating system and its repair.
Since the manifold block - not a cheap pleasure, to protect themselves from disappointment at rapid system failure when choosing a model should focus on the products tested manufacturers.
Can be safely trusted manufacturers such as «GREENoneTEC», «Rehau», «Soletrol», «Oventrop» and «Meibes». In each series, the leading European manufacturers can pick up a full set of necessary additional equipment.
Auxiliary elements and valves to the collecting unit must also comply with GOST and TU.
As additional devices for connecting the reservoir may be needed: 1 - automatic air, 2 - adapter 3 - Area 4 - crane -sgon 5, 6 - another corner, 7 - conclusions pipes
Each of the additional structural elements performs its function:
- automatic air vent - mounted, if the block and the radiator located on the same floor;
- adapter - venting required during assembly, is equal to ½ inch diameter, provided that the collector thread is ¾ inches.
- corner - allow to connect pipes and air vent to direct upwards.
- crane - required for connection to a pipe coming from the boiler;
- evictionEquipped cape nut - allow if necessary to block the coolant flow and unscrewing the coupling nut, disconnect device.
If you intend to connect from the collector Radiant FloorAdditionally need to install the faucet to feed.
To fix the manifold to the wall will also need clamps, "planted" in the plastic anchors. When mounting structure is also conceivable to use special brackets.
Such structures are convenient because the upper collector are pushed forward, whereby the assembly of the pipe do not interfere with the lower feed line to the manifold.
installation and connection rules
Select and install the best collector at the stage of design and installation of the heating system.
Establish such intermediate structure in the areas protected from excessive moisture. Most often, for these purposes is withdrawn in the passage, storage or closet.
Manifold block should preferably be in another suitable metal cabinet, equipped with side walls in the holes for removal pipe
On sale there are overhead and built-in models of metal cabinets. Each model is equipped with a door and vyshtampovki on the sides.
For lack of a possibility to install a metal locker, come easier by fixing the device directly on the wall. Niche under the arrangement of the collector unit is placed at a low height relative to the floor.
Conventional installation instructions for collecting the distribution circuits in fact not. But there are some key points about which experts have come to a common denominator:
- The presence of the expansion tank. The volume of the component should be at least 10% of the total amount of water in the system.
- Availability of the circulation pump for each contour laid. Regarding this element, not all experts agree. Yet, if you plan to use several independent circuits, each of them is to establish a separate unit.
Before the circulation pump for the return flow line is placed expansion tank. Due to this it becomes less vulnerable to turbulence of water flow often arise in that location.
If used gidrostrelka - tank is mounted in front of the main pump, the main task of which is to circulate in a small circuit.
Place the circulating pump arrangement is not essential. But, as practice shows, the device resource is slightly higher in the "return pipe".
Main mounting - shaft positioned horizontally. If not, the first bubble of trapped air will leave the unit without cooling and lubrication.
The very process of assembly and connection of the collector system clearly displayed in a block.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Video manual for serial assembly of manifold block:
Video review of the installation and operation of modular plastic manifold:
A distribution unit for the "warm floor":
Properly selected and installed collector layout ensures efficiency and reliability of the heating system.
Due to the small number of connections and tees probability of leaks of such structures is minimized. Well, the possibility to adjust the heating temperature of each heating radiator heating system makes operation especially comfortable.
If you have the necessary skills or have experience connecting the collector of the heating system, please share it with our readers. You can do this by leaving a comment at the bottom of the article.
