Electronic technologies cover a broad spectrum of domestic sphere. There is virtually no restrictions. Even the simplest function light switch lamp bulbs are now increasingly perform sensory devices, not technologically outdated - hand.
Electronic devices usually belong to the category of complex structures. Meanwhile, build a touch switch with his own hands, as practice shows, is a snap. Minimum experience of designing electronic devices for this is quite enough.
We offer to understand the apparatus and functionality of such a terminal connection of the switch. For lovers of DIY, we have prepared three working assembly scheme intelligent device that can be implemented at home.
The content of the article:
- The design of the touch switch
- Options and device capabilities
- Rules of the device connection
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Switch sensors with their own hands
- Scheme touch switch on trigger
- Scheme based on the infrared sensor
- The simplest scheme using transistors and relays
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
The design of the touch switch
The term "touch" has a fairly broad definition. In fact, under it should be considered an entire group of sensors, capable of responding to a variety of signals.
However, with respect to circuit breakers - instrument endowed with functional switches, touch effect often considered as the effect obtained by the electrostatic field energy.
This, approximately, it is necessary to consider the construction of a light switch, created on the basis of the sensor mechanism. Light touch pad of your finger to the front surface of the panel includes lighting in the house
The average user enough to touch your fingers to such contact field and in return will get the same result of switching, which gives the familiar standard keyboard device.
Meanwhile, internal sensory equipment device essentially differs from the simple manual switch.
Typically, such a structure is built on the basis of four business units:
- protective panel;
- sensor contact sensor;
- the electronic board;
- enclosure.
Variety of devices based on the extensive sensors. Models available with the functions of conventional switches. And there is a more perfect development - with the brightness controls that monitor the environment temperature raising blinds on the windows, and others.
Structurally, the touch switch is as follows: 1 - cover plate of tempered glass; 2 - board accommodation sensor elements; 3 - textolite panel divorced circuit device electronics; 4 - a body (chassis) switch (+)
Not only do these types of switches are controlled by a light touch, so there are switch with remote control. That is, turn off the lamp and remove the lamp brightness of the device, the user can, without making unnecessary movements in the form of the transition from recreational to the switch.
Options and device capabilities
Clearly deserve separate consideration Timer switches.
Here there are traditional characteristics such as:
- quiet operation;
- interesting design;
- safe use.
Besides all this, added another useful feature - a built-in timer. With it, the user can manage the software switch. For example, to set the time on and off in a certain time range.
Unique version of the switch design with embedded functional timer. With the help of these devices open the possibility of lighting control in a strictly specified time. electricity savings is obvious
Typically, these devices have not only a timer, but also an accessory of a different kind - for example, an acoustic sensor.
In this embodiment the device operates as a controller of motion or noise. It is enough to submit the voice or clap his hands, and the lamp will light up the lamp in the apartment with light.
By the way, there is another functionality at a too high brightness case - dimmer adjustment. Equipped with a touch dimmer type switch can control the light intensity.
Modification of sensors - acoustic switch. It operates on a slightly different method, but also a device which support the use of technology sensors. In this case, the touch sensitive elements protrudes microphone
However, there is a caveat to such developments. Dimmers are usually not support the use of fluorescent lamps and LED lamps. But to overcome this disadvantage, most likely a matter of time.
Learn more about the types of "smart" light switches, see the this article.
Rules of the device connection
such devices mounting technology, despite the perfection of construction, has remained traditional, as provided for standard light switches.
Usually on the back of the housing there are two items of terminal contact - and for the input load. Designated devices for production of a foreign markers «L-in» and «L-load».
equipment connection system is not much different from the standard. The main operating terminals: L1 (Load) - Line voltage phase connection; L (In) - voltage output line to the load; COM - coupling devices terminal (+)
These labels should be clear even to the inexperienced user. But in any case it is recommended to contact the passport of the device before installing it. Switching device in the circuit is performed by phase line.
That is, the input «L-in» served phase - the phase conductor is connected. A line from «L-load» off the voltage for the load - in particular, for the lamp bulb.
Meanwhile, the structure may include sensor switches connect several independent loads. In such devices the number of terminals for connection increases.
Additionally, the terminal voltage of the incoming «L-in» present for two or even three loading apertures under «L-load». Typically labeled like this: «L1-load», «L2-load», etc...
Full alignment of the circuit breaker 1 - the load output terminal; 2 - the protective panel; 3 - spring mechanism mounting conductors; 4 - Information on the manufacturer; 5 - fireproof enclosure; 6 - dual control interface; 7 - the screw hole (+)
Mounting the sensor switches are also essentially the same as the standard version. The design of the switches is made for placement in traditional Enclosures. Fastening device working mechanism chassis usually carried screws.
Switch sensors with their own hands
Purchase touch-type switch for domestic use, of course, no problem. However, the cost of these, a kind of intelligent, device starts from 1500-2000 rubles. And that price is not the most sophisticated designs. Therefore, the logical question is seen - is it possible to make the light sensor switching with their own hands?
For people a little bit familiar with the theory of electrical engineering, the construction of the switch with a sensor - work is quite doable. There are lots of circuit solutions in this regard.
Scheme touch switch on trigger
Many device fabrication schemes such actions are simple and understandable. Consider one of the many solutions that you can implement your own hands for use in the home.
Here's a switch on the construction of two sensors is evaluated on the market from 1600 rubles. a piece. If you have the skills, something like that you can always build your own hands. In this case, the cost of component parts is about five times lower
Widespread in the amateur practice K561TM2 series chip is the main link of the touch switch, harvested their own hands.
Microcircuit K561TM - a flip-flop whose state can be changed by a control signal at its input. This property has been used successfully for the realization of the switch functions.
The input circuit is constructed with the addition of FET V11, which provides high sensitivity and further entry well isolates the input from the output.
E1 circuits sensor element is made of a metal plate and is connected to the input "Polevikov" through resistor with large resistance. Thus guaranteed the safety device for the user in terms of a possible electric shock.
Driving device for the assembly of their own hands. Only one chip, a pair of transistors and a thyristor is required to build a full-fledged touch switch. The device is not worse industrial (+)
The output of the circuit is constructed bonded bipolar transistor VT2 - current thyristor VS1. Transistor amplifies the signal coming from the circuit, and the thyristor acts as a switch. The thyristor circuit turns on the lighting device, which is required to manage.
The scheme works as follows:
- The user touches the metal plate (sensor).
- Static electricity is supplied to the VT input.
- A field effect transistor switch trigger.
- The output signal is amplified trigger thyristor VT2 and opens.
- The lamp lights up in the thyristor circuit.
If the user touches the sensor again, all the operations are repeated, but with the opposite switching mode. It's simple and effective.
This schematic is acceptable to use to control the lights, where the total power of incandescent lamps is less than 60 watts.
If you want to switch more powerful light devices can be supplemented with thyristor volumetric cooling radiator. Metal for a sensor is recommended to use a series of materials having a good current. Optimal - silver-plated copper.
Scheme based on the infrared sensor
Available for self-assembly the light switch circuit, wherein a sensor is used as infrared sensor. It also uses available and inexpensive electronic components.
According to the degree of difficulty of execution, this option is designed for electricians who are just starting their careers.
Another schematic solution for a touch-type switch device. Also has a minimum of electronic components, but requires careful tuning to ensure the quality of work. Here we need the accumulated experience an electronics (+)
Basic electronics in this decision are the two chips and the following elements:
- LED ordinary - HL1;
- LED Infrared - HL2;
- photodetector - U1;
- relay - K1.
On the basis of the inverter circuit DD1-assembled pulse generator, and on the basis of the system functions DD2 chip counter.
Under certain circumstances, for example when a coverage area of the infrared LED appears biological object, triggers a pair of IR-LED and photodetector. At the base of the transistor VT1 receive the control signal, which turns on the relay K1. The lamp in the K1 circuit lights.
If the movement of objects in the coverage area of the infrared sensor is not observed after 20 minutes of inactivity counter will count the number of pulses of the flashing LED HL1, sufficient to trip the relay. The lamp turns off. Dwell time (in this case 20 minutes) is determined by selection of circuit elements.
The simplest scheme using transistors and relays
Maximum simplified solution - diagram for a touch-type device self-assembly, which is shown below.
Simplified to a minimum scheme to build a touch switch with his own hands. However, it provided accurate selection radioelements, is quite effective and reliable operation of the apparatus
Here it is permissible to use virtually any type of relay. The main criterion - the operating voltage range of 6-12 volts, and the ability to switch a load of 220 volts.
The sensor element manufactured by cutting out from a sheet of foil Micarta. Transistors can also be used in all series, similar to the parameters specified, for example, common KT315.
In fact, this simple circuit is a conventional amplifier. When you touch the sensor surface to the base of the transistor VT1 receive potential sufficient to open the emitter-collector.
Following the transition opens VT2 and supply voltage is applied to the relay coil K1. This device is activated, it closes the contact group, which leads to the inclusion of the device light.
If there is no desire to experiment and collect the device personally, you can buy ready-made switch and install it yourself. All the necessary information about selecting and connecting the touch switch is described here.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
This overview allows you to get acquainted with the light switches, quickly gaining popularity in the society.
Touch switches marked product brand Livolo, - what kind of design and how attractive they are to the end user. Video guide of a new type switches will get answers to questions:
Concluding the topic of touch switches, it is worth noting the active development in the design and manufacture of switches for household and industrial use.
Light switches, seemingly simple design, perfect so much that now manage light can voice passphrase and yet to be fully informed about the state of the atmosphere inside premises.
Got something to complement, or any questions regarding the assembly of the touch switch? You can leave comments to the publication, participate in discussions and share their experiences in the use of such devices. Contact form is in the lower block.
