To carry out repairs under load power fragment or exercise equipment replacement, it is necessary to interrupt the power supply to the system. Make it will load switch. He correctly disconnect the conductive circuit and thanks to the camera extinguish the arc that occurs when opening the contacts.
In the present article we describe in detail the variety of instruments and actions the principle of ensuring the safety of the equipment and safety of subsequent works. The technical characteristics demanded in the home models. Recommendations on the selection and operation of the safety device.
The content of the article:
- Detailed description of the instrument
- Classification disable modules
- Device Specifications
- What to consider when choosing?
- Scope of switches in the home
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Detailed description of the instrument
Load break switch is a progressive switching device provided with the arc extinguishing chamber and a drive for automatic or mechanical control.
Intended for mechanical opening / closing group of contacts in the area under the load circuit AC. Suitable circuits for switching high voltage and low workload.
Tripping device have an extended handle. Operating temperature range from -40 - +50 ° C. Notches at the contact clamps reduce heat loss and increase the mechanical stability of the compound
If a short circuit is not being used as designed for low-power arc repayment and withdrawal of the nominal load.
In manufacturing plants and factories, occupying a large area, usually set Autogas load switches. These items are easy to use and easy to repair personnel, even with low qualification
It belongs to a class of high-voltage devices and are usually located in the electrical system, operating under the voltage of 6-10 kV is not equipped with an automatic system, which protects the network from short circuit.
The device is provided with a reinforced contacts have prolonged lifespan, considerably exceeding the operational period of contact connections in simple machines. This enables completely safe to disconnect the load bearing line and make all the necessary arrangements.
Some advanced load circuit modules provided with a special look-up window. Through it you can clearly see in what condition - the closed or open - at any given moment there are contacts circuit breaker
The device for disconnecting the load consists of a solid welded frame, fitted with a special shaft. It cost 6 post insulators.
By three, located in the lower part pivotally attached contact knives, and keep the main and arcing contacts on the other elements, which are at the top,. Insulating rods correctly transmit motion from gross lever elements directly to the contact blades.
The unit is provided with a tripping springs welded to the ends of the shaft. They allow a certain speed to deactivate the switch after the mechanism trip-free wire is released
Contact responsible for extinguishing, opens in special arc chute made of phenolic. This material has high mechanical and corrosion resistance, demonstrates extreme strength and has unprecedentedly high electrical insulating characteristics.
Inner liners are in the chambers are made of glass poliamita, characterized dense structure and shock-resistant. The arcuate shape of the chamber and inserts allows the movable arc contacts go inside easily and without strain.
Devices for switching off load in electric networks are used to interrupt / resume feeding voltage substations responsible for the distribution of electricity in the urban and rural locality
When activated, the device is primarily closed arcing contacts, and have followed them close the main contacts knives. At the time of disconnection, everything happens the other way around: first opens the main and only after they arcing contacts.
Installation of temporary ground at power failure device will provide a safety net and allow risk-free to carry out any planned or repairs to the electrical system and equipment
In the inactive mode, the moving arcing contact creates a clearly visible air gap with dugopoglaschayuschey camera exactly the same as in conventional disconnectors. Directly at the time of tripping an arc between the arcing contacts.
Under the influence of the high temperature of the arc liner from glass fiber reinforced polyamide allocates specific gases. This stream, which appeared in the chamber, extinguishing the arc, providing further security to work with the current path and electrical equipment.
The elements responsible for the off / on load, differ from each other in the following specifications:
- mounting method;
- level of the rated current;
- basic configuration;
- the presence and number of additional functions;
- Structural features of the module;
- Rated voltage.
Most of the light switch, in contrast to industrial devices controlled manually on and off current flow is not more than 100 amperes. The contacts do not overheat during operation and potentially overloading, the product purchase so that the index of its nominal current is required to exceed the total current flow of consumer loads.
The device is designed to turn off the load, is the letter marking - HV and broader control handle. These items serve as a guide to the consumer and do not let it confuse the plant with other superficially similar device - automatic
Unlike classic switch machine equipped with a load deactivator reinforced contacts capable of withstanding continuous operation.
Increased reliability module provides such items as:
- automatic locking control lever from being switched on;
- the availability of viewing windows that allow visually verify a break contact and making it possible to monitor the situation at all stages;
- double-break the chain of contacts, providing total power and ensuring the safety of all carried out repair and servicing activities.
All these features make the voltage switches very helpful to use and a user to purchase such instruments and their implementation in the electrical system to improve the reliability and security operation.
Classification disable modules
The products responsible for the deactivation of the load in the power supply, are manufactured in several different ways. Classification is carried out according to the method of devices arc quenching occurring at deactivation of the load and the type dugopogashayuschey chamber.
Load interrupter switch Autogas type often mounted in switchgears serving boxes and transformer substations. Activating the drive module is manual and electric
Manufacturers operating in the market of electrical equipment, produce switches loads the following types:
- Autogas - the wall of the chamber, being heated under the influence of the electric arc, is isolated special gas, which absorbs it and;
- vacuum - at vacuum breakers properties of the medium used, in which an electric arc is not covered;
- electromagnetic – electromagnetic relays act on the arc the electromagnetic field and in a manner changing its direction;
- avtopnevmaticheskie - electric arc is quenched by air compression in the chamber, a powerful spring element;
- sulfur hexafluoride - cavity absorption chamber insulated circuit breakers filled electrical gas consisting of sulfur hexafluoride. This colorless heavy element is six times heavier than air and quickly extinguishes arose when disconnecting the contact arc.
Autogas devices today the most widely distributed and used maximum demand. However, they are literally "on the heels" vacuum units recognized by experts the most promising, progressive, efficient and reliable voltage switches.
The vacuum chamber blanking switches are equipped with more reliable isolation. Thanks to this service life and operational wear resistance is significantly higher than that of analogues Autogas
Direct control devices is carried out by a manual lever-type actuator equipped with a built-in electromagnet, allowing to carry out remote disconnection.
Besides the above-described parameters load switches differ from each other by the number of contact poles. Today the market offers one-, two- and three-pole modules for correct load shedding in the current supplying system.
Another important feature - this actuator construction.
This node can happen:
- electromagnetic;
- thermal;
- semiconductor;
- combined.
Last line to the principle of the module installation. It can be retractable, stationary or moving. The choice is made depending on the location of the power supply and external weather conditions at the location.
Device Specifications
Devices carrying off the load by opening the electrical circuit, have different characteristics. All of them are important and become decisive when choosing the right for the purchase of the unit and its subsequent installation.
Indicator the nominal voltage It reflects the operating voltage electrical device to which it was originally intended by the manufacturer.
The maximum value of the operating voltage It shows utterly possible valid high voltage, wherein the switch is able to function normally without compromising its performance. Usually, this figure exceeds the rated voltage of 5-20%.
The flow of electric current, which when passing warm-level insulating coating and the conductive portions are not It interferes with the normal operation of the system and can be maintained all the elements for an unlimited time, It called rated current. Its value must take into account when choosing and buying a load switch.
value through current limits shows how much the current flowing through the network in a short circuit mode, able to withstand the loads specified in the system switch.
Current impulse withstand reflects the value of short-circuit current, which, acting on the device for a few first periods, has no effect on him any negative effects, and mechanically it does not damages.
Thermal current determines the limit current level whose the heating effect for a certain length of time does not incapacitate the load switch.
It is very important technical performance of the drive and the physical parameters of the instrument, determining the overall size and weight of the device. Focusing on them, we can understand where it is more convenient to place the devices so that they work correctly and accurately perform tasks.
Among the unconditional positive qualities of the devices responsible for load shedding, are the following items:
- simplicity and accessibility in the manufacture;
- basic way of operation;
- very low cost of the finished product compared to other types of switches;
- the possibility of a comfortable activation / deactivation of the nominal load current;
- visible gap between eye contact, ensuring total safety of any work on the outgoing lines (installation of additional isolator is not required);
- inexpensive protection Supercurrent flow through the fuse, usually filled with quartz sand (type FCT, PC, PS).
Of the minuses switches of all types of the most often cited the ability to switch only nominal power, not while working with the current emergency operation.
Despite the cheapness in price and service, Autogas modules deprecated and planned service or during the reconstruction of networks and substations purposefully replace them with more modern vacuum elements
Autogas modules reproached usually limited service life due to gradual burn internal components, generating the gas in the arc formation chamber.
However, this time it is solving, and small means, as elements of the gasification and twin contacts intended for dugopoglascheniya, are very inexpensive and easy to replace, and not only professionals, but also workers with low qualifications.
What to consider when choosing?
When planning the purchase of load switch, it should be remembered that the machine is primarily It is designed not to protect electrical appliances, and to protect the wiring from overheating and burning overexertion.
To purchase proved to be correct, and the device coped with the tasks previously necessarily ascertain incoming section in apartment or house-cable shield current and the level to which it calculated.
vacuum-type modules are gaining increasing popularity. They have small external dimensions and thus are suitable for installation in various types of junction boxes
When this information is received, it is compared with the factory specifications load switch. operating current index in the machine must be slightly smaller than the maximum allowable current for wires.
Vacuum load switches - a progressive form of related electrical components. It significantly increases the level of basic security system does not generate combustion products and emits them into the atmosphere
If the bandwidth of the cable is much higher than the load current consumption, considering the purchase of an automatic module under load.
To determine the desired parameters of the device, first summarize the power of all available in the living room electrical appliances. To this amount is added from 5 to 15% on the stock and the Ohm's law formula for determining the total combined current consumption. Then buying machine having a slightly higher operating current than calculated.
Scope of switches in the home
Usually in private houses and apartments used circuit breakers. With their help, if necessary, de-energize the premises and carry out all the necessary installation work related to scheduled maintenance or repair of electrical networks.
However, these devices - not a panacea. Machines are primarily intended to protect the current collectors and electrical wiring from aggressive overcurrent. circuit refers to the secondary tasks that perform these devices.
Companies engaged in the manufacturing of electrical components, always point in the accompanying documentation that the machine does not provide for frequent switching. Maximum shutdown mode should not exceed 6 times per hour
Regular Power Off using the machine - not a good idea. Especially if it is not removed from the wall load. Module in this case, it wears out much faster and selects its service life in a shorter time than stated factory characteristics.
If the load shedding unit is not working properly or the device itself to be defective, it is not necessary to disassemble the device and try to fix it. It makes more sense to buy a new machine and mount it to the place of the old (defective)
Inside the body gradually fade and blacken the contacts, and the product itself loses its nominal capacity, it ceases to perform its tasks and then fails. The hosts in this situation it is necessary to urgently change the device.
If you ignore this point, following a short-circuit wiring spoil provoke inflammation of the machine and may even lead to more serious consequences.
The group shields load shedding device is often used as an input switch. It is through him to the distributor connects the power cable from the substation or other flap
That's why experts recommend for frequent trips not use conventional machines and advanced and reliable load-break switches.
These elements will enhance the safety of electrical switchboards, will provide high-quality, uninterrupted power to electricity of any premises and allow, in the case of need, easily and quickly open the circuit, carry out repair and construction activities of any complexity and reconnect the housing to the total energy supply system.
Installing the device to deactivate the inlet loads distribution board It allows you to remove stress from the panel and correctly replace a failed circuit breakers.
In the presence of such a device it is very easy to turn off any room from the centralized supply network in order to perform routine maintenance or necessary repairs. The unit will provide full security to the master and will quickly eliminate all problems found.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Even more of a load switch - In the following video, where professionals share experience and nuances of the installation.
Features mounting load switch. Step by step instructions from the master.
A detailed and clear description of the rules and the correct use of the direct purpose of the device by a professional electrician.
Overview of the modular load switch, manufactured by Hyundai. With this device it is possible to solve the problem inexpensive switching circuit.
Features load switch operation VN32-100 and practice of application of this instrument in Electric circuit breaker as 50-60 Hz alternating current with a rated line voltage 230-400V.
Practical and reliable load switch operation improves the electrical network security and helps timely open the current path in the right place and to eliminate the arisen damage or replacement of defective equipment.
The presence of the switch ensures the safety intrahouse or wiring inside apartment, protects it from premature wear and significantly increases its service life.
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