The structure of the bush and the purpose of forming the crownin order to get large clusters of tasty grapes in the fall, one should systematically maintain, feed and protect the plant from pests during the period of bush development. With the experience of cultivation of culture come knowledge of the basic rules and increase the yield of the plantation and the formation of the vine. The structure of the bush and the purpose of forming the crown
The grape consists of a root system and an underground trunk. Above the soil surface is a vertical trunk or head of a bush. The trunk is formed in areas where it is not necessary to cover the bush for the winter. For the covering bush, the shtamb is not needed, and from the head are the sleeves, a perennial part of the bush. From the sleeves leaves the vine, the branches on which the crop is formed.
The purpose of the formation of a grape bush is to achieve productivity. That is, the nourishment of the bush should be aimed at getting berries. To obtain a quality crop, it is required to leave as many ovaries on a bush as the plant will feed and bring to a mature state. Therefore, during the season, in addition to watering, fertilizing and treatments, it is required to form a shrub so that each leaf is lit and works for the harvest.
Pruning the grapes and caring for the vine
At different periods of development, pruning and pinching lashes performs different tasks. Usually the work takes place in three stages:
- pruning grapes in spring;
- green operations;
- autumn pruning.
If you do not prune, nip the bush regularly, it runs wild, the crop is reduced. However, in some cases, the bush is formed according to its requirements. For a decorative bush, the vine may not shorten and twist the cover frame, but then the crop on it will be secondary, not the main factor.
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Cutting the vine in the spring
Cutting the grapes in the spring after removing the winter shelter is a revision of the overwintered vine. At this time, the condition of the wintered bush is estimated. Even before the start of sap flow, with the use of sharp instruments and special techniques, the sleeves are formed and the vines are prepared. Here, the removal of weak shoots is carried out, formed in the first years of development of the trunk bush, on which vines grow in the future. The task of the master is to cut and form the plant correctly so as not to disturb the sap flow from the sleeve to the vine.
At the same time, the entire condition of the bush is estimated for winter safety. Depending on the degree of freezing, a stem is formed.
When performing spring pruning of grapes it is necessary to remember that this is a surgical operation on a tree, therefore, one should work with disinfected tools and make wounds sparing.
After the shoots start to appear on the branches, the strongest ones are left and one by one, the others all break out. From the very beginning, a bush is formed with the optimal number of branches, which should be sufficient for lighting and power.
Grapevine Care in the Summer of
Gardeners know how to shape the vine in the right way. It is believed that you need to know the features of each plant and talk with him during the work. Work on the formation are in the following operations:
- pruning of the vineyard in June;
- keyhole shtamba;
- brush adjustment;
- chasing vines.
Pruning grapes in summer after flowering is to regulate the harvest. The smaller the brushes will feed the vine, the fuller and tastier they will be. It is necessary to find a balance in order not to overload the bush and get a good harvest. Formation of the harvest comes from the experience of the culture.
Normalize the harvest again after the formation of brushes, leaving one or two of the very first brushes with berries poured on the shoot. At the same time small ovaries are removed. The procedure is done at a time when the berries are still the size of a pea.
At the end of June, shoots are shortened by nipping, leaving five leaves over each bunch of grapes, which is enough to form a crop. At the same time, all stepchildren appearing in the leaf axils are removed, leaving only those required for the formation of the vine in the summer. In June, they pinch the ends of the vine to limit its growth. In this case, most of the food will be redistributed to the filling of bunches of grapes. However, those young shoots that grow to replace are not shortened.
Read also: Video: how to make garden beds in the country with your own handsThe winegrower considers the regulation of green mass, watering and plant nutrition during the time to be the most important in culture. 
Another agrotechnical technique that accelerates the maturation of brushes is chasing of the vine. This means that all the tops of the left shoots are removed, leaving 13-15 sheets each. In these conditions, the intensive development of stepchildren in the leaf axils begins. Pasynki should be regularly removed. Will help to master the basic techniques of chasing grapes in the summer video set at the end of the article.
Among growers there are opponents of the use of coinage. They cite the fact that cultivation without the use of shortening the vine contributes to the growth of the root mass. They claim that the plant is less sick and the berries are tastier. However, disputes are possible only with respect to vineyards cultivated without shelter. For bezshtambovyh varieties the formation of the vine in the summer is required.
Feeding and processing of the vine
At the same time in the second half of the summer, nitrogen fertilizers are eliminated, and the growth of greenery slows down. Phosphorus-potassium nutrition continues, it improves the filling, the taste of the grapes and increases the winter resistance of the culture. Particularly prized ash dressing bole.
For better illumination of the bush, already beginning to lose their power by the rays of the sun, three weeks before harvesting, some of the leaves are removed from the vine, giving maximum illumination to the clusters. Be sure to clean the leaves at the bottom of the bush and from the clusters. Airing will exclude the possibility of fungal diseases, which are particularly spread during the period of a cold snap and grew.
Vine care would be incomplete if it did not include activities such as the control of fungal diseases and insect pests. Diseases of grapes that can destroy it include oidium and mildew. Therefore, if a characteristic plaque or spots appears on the leaves on the back side, it is necessary to treat them with fungicides. The most common prophylactic treatment with Topaz.
Insect pest grape mite is removed by insecticidal preparations. However, three weeks before the harvest, any treatment is prohibited. During the season, preventive treatments of the vineyard are carried out three times. In case of the first signs of fungal diseases, the whole garden is treated.
How to prune the grapes in the fall
Autumn care for a liana is to properly prepare it for wintering. How to cut grapes in autumn and prepare the vine for wintering in each climatic region is decided differently. Bezshtambovy bushes require preparation of the vine during the period when the leaves fall off. Then cut out all the weak shoots, remove the young green parts of them. The vines are carefully removed from the supports, tied with bundles and placed in specially prepared grooves. In this tubule, covered with peat, foliage and ground, the vines will wait for the next year to repeat the life cycle.
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Summer chasing vine grapes - video
