9 tips for equipping electrical heating in a country house and giving

Content

1. №1. Pros and cons of electrical heating
2. №2. Variants of electric heating of a country house
3. No. 3. Heating a country house with an electric boiler
4. №4. Convectors for heating cottages
5. №5. Oil radiators for summer residence
6. №6. Fan heaters for summer residence
7. №7. Infrared heaters
8. №8. Warm floors for a country house
9. №9. Split-systems for heating

In Europe today, about 70% of all country houses are heated by electricity. It is called the most environmentally friendly, convenient and safe way of obtaining heat. In domestic space, the electrical heating of the country house and dacha has not yet become so widespread due to the high cost of operation. Experts also argue that there are some ways that will economically be heated by electricity. What do you need to do for this? Which equipment will be appropriate as an independent, and which one will fit only as an additional and backup?

№1. Pros and cons of electrical heating

Electric heating has become widespread due tomany advantages:

• simplicity, speed and relative cheap installation of the system. The arrangement and commissioning of electric heating systems will cost approximately 30% less than similar works for other systems;
• simplicity of operation, no need for regular service;
• small sizes of heating devices;
• quiet operation;
• safety, environmental friendliness and hygiene;
• high efficiency;
• long service life;
• automation of the heating system and the possibility of flexible regulation of the system.

  Comparison of the initial costs for the installation of heating systems with different types of fuel

It may appear that electricity is an ideal way of heating, but it is inherent inserious shortcomings:

• cost of electricity;
• interruptions with the supply of electricity, which became the norm for a huge number of suburban areas.

If electricity is the only option to keep warm in the winter, you can fight with shortcomings. Of course, electricity - an expensive resource, but if it is good to warm the house and choose the right equipment, thencosts can be reduced at times. Of course, the climate of the region also has a significant impact, but the role of warming is enormous: for heating 1m3 insulated space takes about 50 watts, and if you insulate the house by all the rules, then energy will already be needed about 20 watts. Naturally, the smaller the house, the lower will be the cost of heating it. Electricitybest suited for small single-storey houses, in other cases it is better to make a backup source of heat, heating the house with gas, solid or liquid fuel.

To make the systemdid not depend on interruptions with electricity supply, it is better to use batteries and generators working on gasoline or diesel, an alternative is to install solar panels or a wind generator.

Another important point is that the power of the line should correspond to the load that will be assigned to it when the electric heating devices are switched on.

№2. Variants of electric heating of a country house

Heating electrical systems can betwo main types:

• Those using an intermediate heat carrier;
• Those that immediately transform electrical energy into thermal energy and transfer it to the environment.

The first type areboilers and oil coolers, but to the secondconvectors, infrared heaters, fan heaters and electric floor heating. Actually, this is the list of possible options for electric heating villas. The type and number of devices is selected depending on the size of the room and the frequency of people there.

No. 3. Heating a country house with an electric boiler

The main part of the electric boiler -heat exchanger, a tank with heating elements. They heat the coolant (water, antifreeze, oil), which circulates through a system consisting of pipes and radiators - everything, as in the case of a gas or oil-fired boiler. In addition, the system often includes an expansion vessel, a circulation pump and a safety valve. Induction and electrode boilers work somewhat differently.

BenefitsThis method of heating is obvious: the absence of smoke and the need to equip the chimney, quiet operation, safety, high efficiency (up to 99%), ease of operation and temperature control. Due to the high cost of electricity, such boilers are installed, basically, when a country house is not used for permanent residence. In addition, do not forget about the need for good electrical wiring.

In the heating system can useelectric boilers of these types:

• Heating boilers- the most simple andpopular devices. The principle of their work can be compared to a conventional electric kettle. Heating elements, which are usually 3-4 in the boiler, heat the coolant (water) in flow mode. Depending on the required temperature, the heaters are switched on together, one at a time or in groups. Heated water circulates through the system, and circulating pumps are usually used to improve its pressure and circulation. The capacity of such boilers is from 3 to 50 kW, there are models operating from single- and three-phase networks.BenefitsTENovyh boilers: compactness, low price, easy installation. Essentialflaw- Scaling on heating elements, which leads to increased energy consumption and gradual failure;
• electrode boilerswork without heating elements. Their main part is electrodes. When the current passes from one electrode to another through the liquid, the latter heats up under the influence of its own resistance. Antifreeze is used as a liquid. The power of electrode boilers is 5-25 kW. Such devices lack the main disadvantage of TEN boilers - scale formation, they are compact, safe in case of water leakage and inexpensive. But they require mandatory water treatment, the water must circulate strictly at a certain rate, and the electrodes gradually wear out, therefore they require periodic replacement;
• induction boilersalso do not have heating elements, and heating of the electric carrier (water, oil, antifreeze) is carried out due to electromagnetic induction. This is the most economical boilers in operation, they almost do not form scum, durability at height, but the cost of purchase will be considerable, and the dimensions of such boilers are decent.

In addition, all boilers are divided intosingle-phase(consume 220 V of voltage) andthree-phase(380 V): the first suitable for small houses and dachas, which are visited from time to time, the second - for large dachas. Boilers are also divided intowall and floor, onsingle-circuit and two-circuit(these allow to organize also hot water supply of a summer residence).

As for the boiler manufacturer, it is not necessary to ensure reliability and durability give preference to imported technology - domestic products are better adapted to our conditions operation. By the way, the craftsmen use the electric boiler in the heating systemboiler. It will cost even less, but there will be several more problems.

№4. Convectors for heating cottages

An electric convector refers to one of thethe most popular waysheating the country house. You can install the device anywhere, inIt is simple, it does not take much space, and the room warms up quickly enough andnoiselessly, The efficiency is about 95%. As a heating element, a tungsten helix is ​​used, which can be heated up to 6000 ° C. It is placed in a ceramic insulator, and that - in an attractive steel or aluminum case. In the lower part of the body there are holes for cold air, in the upper - for the exit of warm air. Heated air rises, giving way to the cold, and so on in a circle.

Air circulationcan occur naturally oraccelerate with fans. It is best to use the fans during the initial heating of the room, and then completely switch to a natural air exchange. Due to the design of the convector, its outer casing does not heat above 600 ° C, so the device is absolutely safe. Maintenance of the set temperature is carried out due to the presence of a mechanical or electronic control unit.

The convector can befloor or wall, built-in or external, its weight is small - from, to, kg. Power of electric convectors from, up to 3 kW. This parameter and the number of devices are selected depending on the area of ​​the heated room and whether the only way to heat it or not.

How to calculate the power and quantity of convectors needed?It is necessary to know the area of ​​the heated room (the calculation can be carried out for the whole house or room) and its height. Multiplying the area by the height, we get the volume. The power required to heat the cubic meter of air depends on thequality of insulation of the room. For well-insulated houses (for all energy-saving requirements) it is about 20 W, for houses with insulated walls, overlapping and insulating glass - 30 W, for buildings with insufficient thermal insulation - 40 W, with poor insulation - 50 Tues.

For example, we have a small country house with an area of ​​33 m2 with a ceiling height, m, the volume is 8, m3. Let's say the house is warm, but not perfect (take the power of 30 W): 8, * 30 = 2475 W, or almost, kW. It turns out to be necessary to buy either one powerful enough convector on, kW, or two on, kW.

№5. Oil radiators for summer residence

Consider an oil cooler as the only heat source only whenThe dacha is small and you appear there infrequently, in other cases it is a backup and an additional method of heating. Such devices are arranged easily: the heating element transmits energy to the oil (coolant), which circulates inside the device body. The oil heats the body, and the one, in turn, is the air in the room. It is possible to heat the room to an acceptable temperature with such a heater. Among hisadvantages:

• possibility of transportation from one room to another;
• high level of safety, the surface does not heat above 600 ° C;
• durability and reliability;
• noiselessness;
• low price;
• absence of unpleasant odors.

Heat the room such devices are not very fast, but they cool down slowly, maintaining a comfortable temperature for a long time. For greater room heating speed, some models have a built-in fan. Capacity of devices from 1 to, kW. Calculation of power is about the same as with a convector.

№6. Fan heaters for summer residence

Fan heater is another wayreserve heating of a country house. Constantly to support them with the necessary temperature is not possible. Nevertheless, fan heaters deserve great popularity, because:

• are inexpensive;
• compact and mobile;
• allow quickly warm up the room;
• easy to operate.

Amongshortcomingsuneconomical, fire hazard, noise and an unpleasant smell, as in the course of operation dust and dirt particles get on the heated spiral. A large area of ​​such a device does not warm up, but for this there arethermal curtains and heat guns, which operate on the same principle as the fan heater.

The device is quite primitive: the air masses are heated by contact with the heated TEN, and are moved by the presence of a fan. Differences only in the type of heating element (spiral - the cheapest, but dangerous, and ceramic safe, but expensive), power (, kW), the type of control, in the form and shape of the fan.

№7. Infrared heaters

Infrared heatersmore economical than the usual electric boilers by 20-35%, and experts are confident that soon such devices will become one with traditional heating systems. So far, according to the level of popularity, they are losing to competitors, but the demand for them is growing at an immediate rate.Operating principleis the conversion of electricity into infrared rays, which do not heat the air, but objects like the sun. Heated objects give heat to the environment, and the temperature in the room grows. Items are heated only in the zone where the beams of the heater are directed.

Infrared heaters are presentedin two versions:

• devices on legs;
• Flat panels that are attached to walls or even the ceiling.

The room can not be heated quickly in this way, but due toeconomy, environmental friendlinessand features of the work infrared heaters can be used asindependent source of heat in a country house, if there, of course, do not live permanently. Remember that often these devices are put on outdoor cafes, so for the autumn-spring outdoor gatherings these heaters will be just right - it will be a warm and cozy zone recreation.

The power of such devices ranges from 5 to 3-4 kW. Infrared heatersfireproof and durable, can last up to 25 years.

№8. Warm floors for a country house

Warm floor will create the most comfortable conditions for staying in a country house. For equipping the electric warm floor are used:

• cablewhich, by waves, stripes or zigzags, fits into the necessary parts of the room;
• infrared film,which operates on the principle of infrared heaters and is easy to install. It is used even for arrangement"A warm ceiling" and "warm walls".

Warm floor is called a more or less economical way of heating due to the presence of the system automatic control and the correct spread of heat, but it is still cheap to call such heating is impossible. In operationthe film floor is cheaper, but the film costs more than electric cables.

To the mainadvantageselectric warm floors should be attributed:

• simplicity of installation and operation;
• uniform heating of the entire room;
• security;
• durability;
• possibility to adjust the temperature up to, 0С;
• no need to allocate space under the boiler, radiators or heaters.

If the area of ​​the country house is large, then consider the warm floor as an independent source of heating can not be.

№9. Split-systems for heating

The split-system can not only cool the room, but also heat it. Immediately make a reservation,it is possible only at positive external temperaturesi.e. to receive heat from a split-system it will be possible in the autumn and spring period when on the street about + 1... + 50С. The device can be considered a backup source of heat, when the main heating system is still, it seems, too early or too late, and you want to warm up in the house.

It is worth remembering that the split system is not a heater, and there is no heating element in it. Hence the restrictions on the external temperature of the air. The delivery of warm air by a split system can be called the reverse of freon: heat is taken from the street and fed inside, and this can be called not heat generation, but by pumping it. Consequently, the closer to zero the outdoor temperature, the lower the efficiency of the split system for heating. At plus temperatures, the amount of heat delivered to a room can be 2-4 times higher than the amount spent for this energy.

While electricity is still difficult to compete with heating systems on liquid, solid and gaseous fuels. In addition, there are ways to get heat from alternative energy sources. But in some cases, without electric heating, a country house will not be able to do, and here the task is to choose the most suitable source of heat, and, of course, in the right energy saving.

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