If the voltage in our networks 220 comply with a tolerance of 10% in both directions, there would be no need and to improve its characteristics. The quality of electricity is particularly demanding home appliances, including refrigeration equipment.
Such a device, as a voltage regulator to the refrigerator, you need to protect an expensive machine from the many negative consequences.
The content of the article:
- Meaning stabilizer in protecting the refrigerator
- Types stabilizers for refrigerator
- 1. Electromechanical devices
- 2. The stabilizer of relay type
- 3. System model devices
- Criteria for selecting the instrument to stabilize
- Calculation of power stabilizer
- Choice of response speed
- Accuracy and range of stabilizer
- Input voltage and other parameters
- Installation and connection of the stabilizer
- Hazard
- Manufacturers and stabilizers model
- Useful videos on the topic
Meaning stabilizer in protecting the refrigerator
Whatever the latest technology used nor the producers, no matter how many additional options may possess machine, it connects, as well as its predecessor, the most simple to the same outlet of 220 V. Input voltage in our networks is not the best quality. A refrigerator is designed so that some of its components are able to function properly only when the voltage from the normal parameters.
Particularly dangerous voltage drops to such an important element of the refrigerator compressor. Its structure includes a charge responsible for the regulation of the cooling process, which is the most vulnerable point. As a result, a sudden rise in the voltage indicator expensive element can exit with failure.
For windings of the motor is dangerous as the continued presence of a low voltage, and long influence of large inrush current due to the prolonged activation process on a small voltage. As a result of exposure to high temperatures in the winding with a high probability it will melt the insulation.
voltage correction is needed not only for the modern designs of refrigeration equipment. Refrigerator models, released a long time, it is not equipped with protection from premature start. Therefore, when the voltage is switched off and then switched abruptly suffers crank-rocker vapor compressor surge as a result of the piston in the available space.
Regulator shuts off the power when the output voltage reaches a maximum, provides a time delay before the next starting of the compressor.
Before you decide to purchase a stabilizer, it is necessary to ensure the appropriateness of the purchase. To do this, examine the parameters of the existing electrical network. Recommend to measure for several days supply voltage during peak demand. It is advisable to use tools that secure operating voltage. Foreign manufacturers designate this function True PMS.
If the results of measurements would be that the monitored parameter does not exceed the limits of 205-235 V, stabilizer It required only for new expensive refrigerator models, elements of which are particularly sensitive to differences. The situation is considered critical when voltage deviations upward exceeds + 10% or -15% downward.
In this case, the connection of the stabilizer is imperative. Most new models mans integrated voltage regulators. Their reliability is questionable because in practice they are at high network congestion do not cope with the task. In an emergency, they may be damaged and the unit will remain completely unprotected.
Types stabilizers for refrigerator
Devices suitable for voltage stabilization, differ both in construction and the magnitude of the output power, the principle of operation. On these grounds there are three types of stabilizers for the refrigerator: electro, they are the same servo, relay, triac or electronic.
Divided stabilizers and power types. They can be single and three phase. The former have a compact size, and because in their design no cooling fan, they work with almost no noise. Output voltage control is carried out continuously, but the level of response to the input voltage is fairly low.
For homes, powered by mains 380 V three-phase designed stabilizers, designed for heavy loads, but when one of the phase out of order, protection mode does not work. Depending on the type of network voltage devices are divided into a low operating voltage with high and abrupt.
1. Electromechanical devices
Servo control devices driven susceptor and control voltage parameters via the electronic board. High accuracy - their main advantage, the error is only 2-4%. The disadvantage is speed, provoked by the inertia of 10-20 volts.
It works well under such stabilizer or slowly varying voltage, or a stable low or too high. With strong abrupt change of the device quickly will become worthless. Such conditions often seen in country houses, in country cottages, so this is not an option here.
2. The stabilizer of relay type
Simple management system stabilizer of relay type can withstand large swings. On its electronics unit, and the controller has a power switch, which is responsible for switching the transformer windings. The transition occurs very quickly - in just 0.5 seconds.
The weak link is a microcontroller - it can burn, unable to withstand the excessive mobility indices of the input voltage. Work on the switching stages of the transformer is accompanied by clicks, it does not add to the comfort in the house. These models are designed for use in networks where there is fast voltage reboot constantly.
3. System model devices
An item such as a relay in the electronic regulator is absent, the control head of semistors quickly responds to the slightest changes in the network. The absence of mechanical contacts makes it possible to carry out stress at faults multiple switching noise.
voltage overload to 20% are kept during 12 hours and up to 100% - one minute. Manufacturers of system stabilizers high demands on the quality of parts and assembly accuracy, so as durability and price of the corresponding devices.
Criteria for selecting the instrument to stabilize
The main criterion for selection - power. Followed by such factors as the degree of voltage stabilization, response speed, accuracy and range. Auxiliary parameters - noise, input voltage, the presence of additional options.
Calculation of power stabilizer
This parameter is very important for the stabilizer. This refers to the total power at the input to the voltage conditions of 220V Active power characteristics of a refrigerator can be found in his passport, but the calculations involved full power.
Since the refrigerator is the induction component, we are dealing with a reactive load in the chain and an additional indicator - cos φ. This option can be found in the passport equipment. Full power is equal to the quotient of dividing the active power in watts per cos φ, which is equal to 0.9 for a refrigerator. If it can not find the value, the power should be divided by 0.7.
Refrigerator at startup has a large starting current, sometimes superior to 5 times the nominal. For this reason, there is a three-fold increase in the total power. Thus, for the cooling unit 600 watt maximum power will be: (600 x 3) 0.9 = 2000 watts. For maximum power added and produced active power device.
Since the stabilizer is a low inertia device with fast response to any changes in the load or the mains input, requires some headroom for him. Otherwise, the starting of the compressor motor will trigger the protective function due to overload.
When the known start-up and power rating, and can be a different approach to the calculation. For example, refrigerator Wirlpool ARC4020 with a nominal power of 200 W and a start - 1000 watts. We need to find the difference between these values: 1000 - 200 = 800 watts. Maximum capacity is 200 + 800 = 1000 watts. Given the 20% margin, are sought power stabilizer: 1000 x 1,2 = 1200 W = 1.2 kW.
If you plan to install the stabilizer not only for the refrigerator and all appliances as a whole, his power calculation is performed on the parameters of the machine. For this purpose the voltage multiplied by the current value, which is on the labeling machine. When a voltage of 220 V, a current of 16 A, the voltage stabilizer must have a 3520 Watt.
Choice of response speed
Unstable network requires a device with a high reaction rate. Therefore electromechanical stabilizer old type, operating on the principle LATR, in such conditions, inappropriate, since It has a low rate of stabilization. When discontinuity appears in the network, setting the nominal time interval may be delayed up to three seconds. The roll conditions of very high voltage refrigerator time to withdraw from the system.
This disadvantage does not compensate even high precision device. If you make this parameter a choice between switching regulator and semistornym, their response to voltage drops almost identical. In this case, the device of the first type will be cheaper. Second absolute advantage in quietness.
Accuracy and range of stabilizer
The labeling of these devices required to present such a parameter like precision. He marked symbols "Y", which means narrow and "Sun" - increased accuracy. Meets and marked with the symbol "PTT", "Pttt". For refrigerator generally selected two first. The second two are required for equipment used in medicine in the case of a large range of vibrations.
Among the three types of stabilizers has the greatest accuracy dynamic type. In the other two voltage changes are staggered. Get exactly 220 really is not possible, it will be at the entrance to or slightly in the black or in the red a little in relation to par. But these values do not exceed the tolerance inherent in 4.2.2 Standard GOST 32144-2013.
Input voltage and other parameters
In a domestic networks deviation from the standard 220, but no more than 10%. If there is confidence that the tolerance is not exceeded, the regulator does not need to buy, but it happens very rarely. Significantly more likely to spread the values of voltage varies between 140 - 270, or even more.
For this reason, when you select the device you need to see the documentation. Here you will find the allowable voltage range at the entrance, and it is different for each model. For other parameters related noise, the geometry of the input voltage.
If the operation of the device need a smooth sine wave, this time should be a key consideration when selecting an instrument. The advantage is the presence of a stabilizer such options as bypass mode. This function opens the way for the arrival of the input voltage directly. When the supply voltage corresponds to the regulations, it is supplied to the refrigerator itself. When deviations from nominal in the circuit switched stabilizer.
Installation and connection of the stabilizer
The passport stabilizer manufacturers indicate temperature conditions for optimum operation. The lowest temperature threshold for single-phase household appliances + 5⁰, for three-phase -5⁰S. The upper limit of + 45⁰. Heat generated during operation of the stabilizer is removed by means of ventilation - natural or forced.
For this system to function properly, the device with openings for ventilation walling removed from a distance of about 0.5 m.
If the regulator is not very heavy, it can be placed on a shelf or on the table, meet and suspension models.
The device is sufficiently large weight is put on the floor, but so that underneath there was no soft coating, worsening conditions for the normal operation of the ventilation. Not recommended to place the regulator next to the bedroom, because even at low levels of noise, he will still be in the way.
To apply for a refrigerator using a normal single phase power quality stabilizers model. As a rule, their capacity is not more than 3 kW. Individual devices of this type have in the back of the housing one or two outlets and the cord with plug. To connect the appliance to the network, you do not need to be an expert. Simply plug inserted into the socket, and then through the stabilizer include a refrigerator.
It happens that the body is equipped with only the terminals, then the cord and plug become optional. Ends of the first bolted to the terminals. To fix the position of the electronic key or brushes, which begins delivery of constant current regulator first to include a moment. After voltmeter stopped at 220, the device is switched off immediately.
Remain attached to the output wire with the socket, and it refrigerator.
In the case when the house is supplied with 380 V, single-phase stabilizer set, then its effect will spread not only to the refrigerator, but also other electrical appliances. Use another option - three-phase stabilizer with a "star" connection.
Hazard
We should not forget that the device is not protected against moisture within the body. Therefore, it is impossible to put any dishes with liquids, and wipe with a damp cloth. Are contraindicated in the care and detergents.
Rules strictly prohibited electrical body contact with metal surfaces. You also can not prevent the closure of ventilation grilles, otherwise the device will overheat with further access to the system.
Dangerous for the stabilizer and overload. It can occur when to it, except the refrigerator, connect even some home appliances are not taken into account when performing the calculation of power. If a connection is required, you must first check to see if the total load exceeds the allowable limit.
Manufacturers and stabilizers model
The first rank of household stabilizers takes relay device RUCELF SRFII-6000-L produced domestically. Its design takes into account all features of our power grids. It operates stably in the voltage range from 110 to 270 V.
Among the high-quality equipment offered by the International trademark RUCELF, there are other good models. In particular, the popular compact vertical stabilizer relay type RUCELF SDWII-6000-F power of about 6 kW.
He is silent in operation, different speed, allocates little heat, operates in the range of 145-265 V. Price it is quite high, but there are additional options: delayed start, bypass the self-diagnosis system.
As a budget option we can consider the model Bastion Teplocom ST-555. It is designed for high voltage range, but the accuracy rate is quite low - 8%. The device weighs only 2 kg. Bastion Teplocom ST-555 - the best option for small sites with autonomous networks. It is compact, has a wall arrangement, has a power of 7 kW.
If you are not afraid of the noise, it is quite acceptable for domestic use Luxeon WDR-10000 model. Despite the Chinese assembly, the device is stable, has a stylish design. As for the office and for the house suitable wall unit Sven AVR PRO LCD 10,000.
It has a small size, but it is heavy (18.5 kg), because high-quality components used for assembly. The unit is noisy, but it evens out voltage smoothly. Since the power in his high, it can not be connected to an ordinary wall socket. When connecting the special terminals used. The design is not bypass.
Useful videos on the topic
Material selection of stabilizer features:
How to calculate the power:
Voltage regulation - the issue date. Due to the acquisition of such a device, you can extend the life of the refrigerator and other household appliances. Regret the purchase can only make the wrong choice of the stabilizer.
