Automation of an independent water supply is impossible without the use of a pressure sensor. Sensitive device almost instantly react to a drop or increase in pressure in the network, start and stop the pumps without the participation of the owners.
Enjoy an autonomous water supply system, equipped with automation, you can as an urban system. It's incredibly convenient, is not it?
We offer you complete information about how the water pressure switch, which kind of device is better to choose to install an independent system. Here you will find a detailed analysis of the technological nuances of different types of sensors.
Presented article offers valuable information about the features of the device installation and the configuration of the pressure switch. For a better perception of the text is supplemented with photos, diagrams and video review.
The content of the article:
-
The principle of operation and types of pressure switches
- Electromechanical sensor model
- Electronic versions of the relay
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
The principle of operation and types of pressure switches
Electromechanical pressure switch models are used for a long time. They are arranged simple, so reliable and easy to operate. Inside the device there is a flexible plate, the position of which varies under the influence of water flow. The more active the flow, the more it will bend.
This element is connected with two springs that react to a change of position of the plate. As a result, closes and opens a pair of electrical contacts chains triggered on user-specified pressure limits.
One spring is set to the maximum pressure value in the autonomous network, the second - the difference between the upper and lower pressure limits. The device is connected to hydraulic accumulator.
When the pressure reaches the minimum index assigned to the relay, the membrane within the fluid container is weakened under the second spring contact is activated and the pump is activated. Gradually, the pressure increases, reaches the upper limit, then opens the contact by a first spring, which stops the pump.
mechanical relay device is not too complicated, understood in the arrangement of its basic parts, even not very experienced master can connect and configure ()
Springs that control contacts are provided with adjusting nuts. They can be used to vary the degree of compression of the springs. To ensure operation of the device at a higher pressure, their tighter tightened if necessary to reduce the figures - on the contrary, the element should be weaken.
This principle of the electro-mechanical pressure switch option, there are also newer electronic models.
With the number of starts of the pump can be reduced significantly and the pressure switch to maintain optimal pressure in the system, which positively affect the state of its other components
Electromechanical sensor model
Work pressure switch is closely related with the pressure accumulator, without which the switch device in the water supply network becomes meaningless. Rather than have the usual electro-mechanical devices are now often used electronic versions and automation units with protection function "dry run."
If there is a risk of draining the source of water in the process of pumping, the pressure switch just complement automation unit.
However, in a number of electromechanical devices, there have turnouts device that can be used with the pump only. They also reduce the amount of inclusions and protect equipment from working in the absence of flow of water inside the pump equipment.
Shutting down will help prevent the motor from serious damage. In addition, with such a switch can be maintained in the water supply network comfortable head.
The main characteristics of the device - the rated operating pressure. It can vary from about 1.5 - 6.0 bar.
Choosing a suitable relay, also should pay attention to such factors as:
- the dimensions of the thread;
- protection against dust and moisture;
- device dimensions and weight;
- voltage contacts;
- rated current parameters;
- sensor type, etc.
The pressure sensor can be mounted directly on the hydraulic reservoir or mounted separately from it. It should also be noted that the relay is made to work in different environments. For a household suitable device for water.
It is not necessary to acquire the relay, designed to work with the refrigerant or other liquids. You need to pay attention to the working environment and temperature for a particular model.
Before installing or adjusting device must carefully examine the instructions in the description of its design specifications, the order of installation, operation, etc. (+)
Most often, for the needs of domestic water supply, a standard model RDM-5. Such a device should be connected to the first pressure accumulator water system, then - to the contacts connected to the mechanism to enable / disable the pump. Then you need to ensure that the power supply unit.
Choosing suitable pressure switch, consider characteristics such as the size of the pipes, voltage, working environment temperature, etc.
Usually with pumping station It comes and the pressure switch. If you intend to use both electronic model, with the help of the electromechanical version will be installed off the pressure. To connect to the water supply should be used with suitable fitting triple thread sizes.
Usually take a quarter-inch element. If there is at least some experience of plumbing work, then this operation will take place without difficulty. Of course, all threaded connections must be sealed using a tape FUM, linen yarns or other suitable material.
Rounding out the mechanical installation of the pressure switch mounting pressure gauge to obtain the latest information about the current state of water supply.
To connect the relay contacts to the pump is necessary to remove the protective cover of the instrument. Under it there are four pins. Two of them need to enter through them provide a flow of power. Two further contact - this output, they are connected to the pump
In the process of mounting the device, select the section of the cable correctly, and ensure that it is grounded, using the a three-prong socket. If you need to make a dry run protection system, it is necessary to ensure the correct position of the pump. It must be installed above the check valve.
After installation, you must make an adjustment of water pressure switch. For this, as mentioned above, there are two screw springs. They are under the cover, which must be removed. Production device normally tuned. Standard are considered indicators of 1.4 atmospheres (minimum) to 2.8 atmospheres.
Relays must skillfully connect the electrical contacts and to the pump. Mandatory safety requirement - the presence of the device grounding
Even if these data are consistent with those required for a particular pump, they should be checked. During storage and installation settings might lose a little bit. Here is the procedure for customizing the relay connected to the system with accumulator.
First, measure the pressure in the tank, using a car gauge, which is connected to a nipple connection. The nipple is located on top of the vertical model of the hydraulic tank, on the side - on horizontal, but always on the side opposite the flange arrangement.
Better to take the device with a sufficiently high gradation measurement scale. Cheap Chinese model does not always meet this requirement. The tank should be left blank, or the pump station need not be connected to the power supply.
Before you begin, you need to measure the air pressure reading in an empty accumulator and adjust to values recommended by the manufacturer
Normal pressure devastated tank is determined depending on its volume. Small capacity (less than 25 L) must be inflated to 1.4-1.7 bar. Tanks 50-100 l need to pump up to 1.7-1.9 bar. For non-compliance in the new tank pressure these parameters, it is necessary to rectify the situation, ie, missing or to pump air bleed its excess.
Month advisable to check the state of the accumulator, controlling and adjusting as needed with the air pressure. These simple measures will help not only to maintain the necessary level of pressure in the tank, but also to prevent rapid wear of the rubber membrane.
Before setting up the need to carefully study the documentation supplied with the pump.
It is necessary to take into account such factors as:
- pressure limit;
- operating pressure;
- water flow rate.
These data should be used when setting the relay, set values must be within these parameters.
Taking into account also the data tank. Domestic pump power is generally not enough to pump over a conventional accumulator, but not worth the risk and deliberately set the incorrect setting.
Adjusting screws relays are designated as P and .DELTA.P to reach them, you need to remove the protective cover from the device
With installed in a suitable place relays need to remove the cover. To do this, unscrew the fasteners. There are two springs. Next to that, what is more, it is the designation P, is that less is referred to as .DELTA.P. Now it is possible to connect the pump or pumping station to the mains, and begin the process of filling the water tank.
When the pressure in the vessel reaches the upper value, the relay switches off the pump. It is necessary to determine the pressure gauge at that point. If the received data is different from the recommended, to adjust their value using large springs.
To increase the limit, you need to rotate the nut clockwise, if you need to do to reduce the setting - against.
Now, open the water and release the hydraulic tank. Over time, the relay will turn on and the pump. It is necessary to fix the gauge again and adjust switch settings, if necessary. To adjust the lower pressure limit is necessary to turn a small spring.
All manipulations with adjusting springs to be performed very carefully. This is a very sensitive elements, turning the screw should be gradual, a small part of the circle, it is not necessary to make several complete revolutions at once, so you can completely ruin the device.
Pressure switch may be used to control the operation of the surface or the pump station with a submersible pump system. Setup procedure is virtually identical
Thus it is necessary to take into account the following important point: as a small nut adjusts the difference between the outside, then the adjustment of the lower value will change the data for the cut-out pressure.
Therefore, after adjusting the position of a large nut should wait for the filling of the tank and re-check data for the upper limit and change them if necessary.
By setting the upper limit setting for the relay must be remembered that this figure should be at least 10% lower than the pressure in the hydraulic reservoir devastated, which was fixed and adjusted in the beginning. Otherwise, the rubber membrane accumulator will be under an unreasonably high pressure and wear quickly.
During operation, it may be that the recommended settings are not suitable for that particular water supply. Then you need to re-configure the scheme described above. It should be remembered that the manufacturers recommended difference between the outside varies in the range of 1.2 - 1.6 bar.
To properly adjust the mechanical pressure switch option, you need to rotate it the adjusting screws. Periodically check the condition of the device, because with time can weaken the spring (+)
But overly zealous not worth it, because the greater the difference, the greater will be the pressure fluctuations in the water. off pressure should be set lower than the maximum pump pressure.
If this point is not taken into account, the equipment will operate continuously, as can not provide the level of pressure required to turn the meter off. This situation makes the use of relays meaningless.
Check the settings recommended every three months. The same operation to be performed after repair of the pumping station, Replacement fluid container, etc.
Adjust the settings is not recommended by the manufacturers of systems for pumping water, but if necessary, carry out better adjustment after every new filling the system with water, for example, in the country after the re-activation systems spring.
For more information on adjusting the pressure switch for the pump is shown in this article.
Electronic versions of the relay
Electronic pressure switch model much more expensive electromechanical counterparts, but these costs are fully recouped. These devices are easy to configure and limit values can be set much more accurately.
Each model is equipped with a flow controller that instantly turns off the pump when there is no water. This protects the pump from working in dangerous mode "dry run."
Electronic pressure switch model is more accurate, more reliable and easier to operate than mechanical devices, but they are much more expensive
Typically, the electronic relay is provided with a low pressure hydraulic reservoir, which amounts to a total of 400 ml. It's a little, but in a way the system is protected from possible hydroblows network. If well used expensive high quality pump, it makes sense to spend money on a good electronic pressure switch.
Such models look attractive enough, they are characterized by high reliability and long service life. But they may be sensitive to the quality of water entering the water system. To protect the relay from damage, you need to take care of the installation necessary filters.
If well served by road and the powerful pump, it makes sense to buy an electronic relay to protect the device from overload
Adjusting springs such devices have not, therefore, have to periodically reconfigure the device due to the fact that they are weak. And the setting itself is much easier to perform. First you need to read the instructions.
After the first connection to the network, some models are included with a delay of 15 seconds. This is not a fault, just the device is configured.
Subsequently pump shutdown may be performed also with a delay of about 7-15 seconds. It is necessary that the pump is stopped less frequently, if during this short period of the pressure will increase again. An electronic model of the controller can be used with the pump station, which already has the pressure switch.
Here, the upper limit put on this embedded device. A cut-in pressure set adjustable electronic relays. Power supply is connected to the first electronic device, then contact transferred to the relay station, and then fed with a pump.
If the electronic switch is connected to the hydraulic accumulator, the setting is easier to perform. The relay is given lower limit, which should be slightly higher than those of the information specified on the pump housing. Turns off the water flow after a maximum pressure in the system is reached, which depends on the pump power.
Fitting selected electronic relay between the pump and before the first point of the water intake system. It should take into account the direction of water flow indicated by the arrow.
If the device is used with a pump capacity of more than 10 bar, it is recommended to switch to deliver electronic pressure regulator to deliver the device from unnecessary stress.
When the electronic switch is connected to the station, you must first power the device, then - mechanical relay, then turn on the pump circuit
If the current settings are not suitable, you can change them. To do this, you need a screwdriver to tighten up the appropriate screw or use other elements of the settings described in the instructions. Between the maximum pressure that the pump can provide, and the minimum index of the electronic switch must be a difference of at least 0.6 atmospheres.
To seal this threaded connection device is best used Teflon tape. The electronic pressure switch is typically a built-in valve. This point should be taken into account when emptying water.
Before turning the switch, you must first fill out the flow of the water, then applied to the device power supply, then you need to open the tap.
Personal protection operation mode from the "dry run" usually signals that the red LED on the body. To reboot the system, press the button "reset", of course, after removing the causes of the dangerous situation.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Setting the standard mechanical model is presented here:
In this video, described in detail how to configure and features of the electronic pressure switch operation for the model BRIO 2000
pressure switch - the device extremely useful. Once dismantled, with its setting, can be adjusted on a regular basis the state of pressure in the water system and to reliably protect the pump and other equipment from potential damage.
Any questions, or have a desire to share a personal experience of choice, installation and use of a pressure switch? Please leave comments on the article and participate in the discussions - block for communication is located below.
