Provide natural movement of the coolant for the heating circuit even for experienced masters can not always. It happens so that the water moves through the system, but sufficient heat at the same time in the house is not supplied.
Increasingly, the owners of private houses prefer to install heating systems with circulation pump, which are quite varied and comfortable. In this article, we discussed the basic heating scheme organization under compulsion, adding material illustrations and photos.
We also picked up a useful videos with the recommendations of professionals for installation of pumping equipment for heating system. Which will deal in detail in the installation of the pump issue.
The content of the article:
- The operating principle of the system of coercion
- Calculations for forced heating
- System diagrams pump circulation
- Where to put the circulation pump?
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
The operating principle of the system of coercion
Circulation pump - a small electrical appliance, which is designed very simple. Inside the case is an impeller, it rotates and gives the coolant circulating through the system, the required acceleration. An electric motor that provides rotation, consumes very little power, only 60-100 watts.
The presence of such a device in the system greatly simplifies its design and installation. Forced convection allows coolant heating pipes of small diameter, expands when selecting heating boiler and radiators.
a circulation pump device is very simple, the task of this device - the coolant impart acceleration sufficient to overcome the hydrostatic system resistance
Very often the system, originally created with the expectation of natural circulationOperates satisfactorily because of the low coolant flow rate through the pipes, i.e. low circulation pressure. In this case the installation of the pump will help to solve the problem.
However avoid too much water speed in the pipes, since it must not be excessively high. Otherwise, over time, the structure can simply not withstand the additional pressure to which it was not designed.
If the open expansion tank can be used with natural circulation of coolant systems, the compulsory schemes should give preference to the closed drive
The following limits of coolant movement speed recommended for premises:
- when a conditional pass pipe of 10 mm - 1.5 m / s;
- when a conditional pass pipe of 15 mm - 1.2 m / s;
- when a conditional pass pipe of 20 mm or greater - up to 1.0 m / s;
- for utility rooms of residential buildings - up to 1.5 m / s;
- for the support of buildings - up to 2.0 m / s.
In a natural circulation systems, expansion tank usually put on the feed. But if the design will be complemented by a circulation pump, it is generally recommended to move the drive to the return line.
In addition, instead of an open tank should be placed indoors. Only in a small apartment, where the heating system has a small length and a simple device, you can do without this transposition and to use the old expansion tank.
Calculations for forced heating
Properly organized system of forced circulation require complex engineering calculations. But some formulas allow us to evaluate the state of the system and a more accurate understanding of the necessary alterations, especially if it is a small house or apartment. Power of heating equipment is usually selected based on the size of the room, which is supposed to be heated.
Typically, manufacturers recommend: to coolant flow, measured in liters per minute, consistent with the number of kilowatt power boiler. This means that the boiler 40 W is most suitable coolant flow rate of 40 l / min.
Similarly, water consumption is calculated for a single room or a group of premises. In this case, guided by the total power installed on the radiator portion.
The speed of movement of the heat carrier circuit of the heating system is largely dependent on how well matched the diameter of the pipe
The diameter of the heating pipes is determined according to a set coolant flow rate:
- at a flow rate of 5.7 l / min are required half-inch pipe;
- at a flow rate of 15 L / min are required pipes for three quarters of an inch;
- at a flow rate of 30 l / min are necessary inch pipe;
- at a flow rate of 53 L / min are required for pipe and a quarter inch;
- at a flow rate of 83 L / min it is required polutoradyuymovye pipe;
- at a flow rate of 170 L / min are required two inch pipe;
- at a flow rate of 320 L / min are required for two tubes and a half inches, etc.
To define a suitable circulation pump, it is necessary to measure the entire length of the heating circuit, to which it will be connected. For ten meters system needs pump head of 0.6 m. By simple calculations we obtain that the system will need a length of 60 meters by 3.6 meters pump.
However, these parameters are only valid for a system which properly selected diameter of the pipes, as mentioned above. If used too narrow communication, it will need to take a more powerful pump to overcome the excessive hydraulic pressure generated in the system due to the wrong choice of pipes.
Detailed recommendations for the selection of the circulating pump, we reviewed in this article.
Automatic air or a mechanical device for removing excess air bleed screw. These devices are necessary in heating circuits, they can prevent the problem zavozdushennosti. Such devices put on the radiators, on feeding risers, as well as problem areas complex heating circuits
This rule applies in the opposite direction if the tubes are wider than required under the specification, should reduce the calculated capacity of the circulation pump.
Experts recommend to buy not one but two such devices. One - the main and the second - in reserve. It can be installed on bypass or stored in the closet.
The circulation pump is usually resistant to breakage, but is sensitive to the quality of water in the heating circuit. In order to extend the operation of the heating equipment, it makes sense to provide for filtering the coolant and timely measures to flushing system.
System diagrams pump circulation
Heating systems with forced circulation differ as follows:
- as a one- or two-pipe (connection pipe to the radiator embodiment);
- vertical or horizontal riser;
- blind or with associated coolant flow
- with the top or bottom wiring.
Monotube system are becoming increasingly rare, because their disadvantages far exceed dignity. This very simple embodiment in which the radiators are connected in series. Heat transfer fluid passes through each turn heater, gradually cooling down.
Obviously, such a scheme would first radiators heat the room better than those that are located in the end system. It is necessary to set the final highway segment radiators longer than at the beginning, to reduce the difference of temperatures.
Pipe heating systems are easy to implement and inexpensive cost, but the problem of uneven heating and depending on the failure of the radiator made them virtually unused in modern conditions of
Such an arrangement is very inconvenient, since you can not turn off only one radiator in case of breakage, it is necessary to drain the coolant from the entire circuit. Two pipe connection scheme assumes each radiator in parallel with the two pipes to the common rail.
Of course, it will have to use more materials, overall cost and time for installation will be higher than when using a single-pipe version.
Two-pipe heating systems make it possible to evenly heat a room each, with the failure of one will not cause the radiator to turn off all circuit
On each radiator with twin-pipe connected set shut-off valves. This makes it possible, if necessary, to remove or disable only one radiator, and the rest of the system continues to operate normally.
Heating at such a scheme is performed uniformly, since the coolant flows into each radiator through a separate line, and then returned to the boiler for heating, and does not move the rest radiators.
The vertical struts are used in high-rise buildings, it is convenient to connect the radiators located on different floors. Vertical design facilitates the rapid removal of air caught in a system that greatly reduces the probability of formation of air pockets.
Creating a vertical heating system will be costly, but it is an effective scheme resistant airing, it is ideal for installation in high-rise buildings
The horizontal main line circuits to which the radiators connected in parallel, is, as the name implies, in the horizontal plane. This type of heating system is appropriate for large-area single-storey buildings.
Relatively inexpensive option is not immune to the formation of air pockets. To prevent problems of this kind use the automatic air vent. Rules remove air pockets from the heating system, we detail We considered here.
Horizontal heating systems are relatively inexpensive, they are usually used in the design of buildings of large area of one or two floors
Uneven heating is typical not only for one-pipe systems, but also for a deadlock heating options, which is spread quite widely.
In this scheme, the coolant flow is performed in the direction opposite to the return movement. As a result, there are radiators in the system, receiving several cooled coolant, which after them enters the return pipe.
In dead-end systems, remote from the feed sprue radiators receive less heat than adjacent to it. In passing schemes all elements of the system function in the mode equivalent to
As a result, the first from the riser enters more heat radiators, and in the remote - less. In small areas this point may not be as noticeable, but spacious houses, he will be noticeable. In this situation it is recommended to make some small extent on highways than one long, the whole coolant is circulated through the branches with approximately equal temperature.
The passing scheme is based exactly on the same extent of circulating ring around the house, which allows for extremely precise warm-uniformity. But realize this option wiring easy, because you will need to hold a large number of pipes.
The upper wiring in heating systems are used in the presence of the loft, in which can be an expansion tank. If this is not possible, it is possible to successfully implement the lower heating wiring
The upper and lower wiring are called in the place of the feed pipe arrangement. In the first case, the coolant enters the system from the top, and the second - from the bottom.
When the upper wiring expansion tank installed on the highest point of the system, coolant distributed through the system under the influence of gravity. Tank line here will be below the radiator. To implement this project in a private house needs a loft, on which set the tank.
If the conditions for the upper wiring no use of the second embodiment, when the coolant feed is carried out from below, and return pipes are mounted above the radiator. The task of moving the coolant at a sufficiently high rate falls mainly on the circulating pump.
Such a scheme is mounted gradually from the bottom floor to the top, while the flow of the make with a slight slope to prevent air pockets.
Where to put the circulation pump?
Most often, the circulation pump is mounted on the return pipe, not on the pitch. It is believed that there is less risk of rapid deterioration and failure of the device, since the coolant has cooled. But for the modern pumps it is not necessary, because there is a bearing with the so-called water-lubricated. They have already designed specifically for such environments.
This means that you can install a circulation pump, and on the pitch, the more that is the hydrostatic pressure of the system below. Place of installation of the device conventionally divides the system into two parts: the area of the discharge and the suction area. The pump is mounted on the pitch as soon as the expansion tank, it will pump water from a reservoir and injected into the system.
The circulation pump in the heating system circuit divides into two parts: a discharge region in which the coolant enters, and the vacuum area from which it is pumped
If the pump is installed on the return pipe to the expansion tank, it will be pumping water into the tank, pumping out it from the system. Understanding this point will take into account the characteristics of the hydraulic pressure at different points in the system. When the pump is running, the dynamic pressure in the system with the same amount of coolant remains constant.
It is important not only to choose the optimum place for the installation of pumping equipment, but also to install it correctly. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the nuances Fitting circulation pump.
Expansion tank creates a so-called static pressure. Regarding this indicator in the discharge of the heating system creates an increased hydraulic pressure and in vacuum - reduced.
The vacuum can be so strong that it will reach the atmospheric pressure level or even be lower, and this creates the conditions for entering air into the system from the environment.
In the air pressure increase may instead be ejected from the system, it is sometimes observed coolant boiling. All this may lead to incorrect operation of heating equipment. To avoid such problems, should ensure that the excess pressure in the suction area.
You can use one of the following decisions:
- raise the expansion tank to a height of at least 80 cm from the level of arrangement of heating pipes;
- place the drive in the highest point of the system;
- disconnect drive from the supply pipe and transfer it to the return line downstream of the pump;
- set the pump is not on the return pipe, and on the pitch.
Raise expansion tank to a sufficient height is not always possible. Usually it is put in the attic, if it has sufficient space. It is important to stick to the drive mounting, to ensure its trouble-free operation.
Detailed recommendations for the installation and connection of the expansion vessel, we brought in our other article.
If the attic is not heated, the drive will have to be sure to warm. It is difficult to rearrange the tank to the highest point of the system with forced circulation, though it was created as a natural.
Have to redo of the pipeline to bias tubes was sent to the boiler. In natural systems, the slope is usually made to the boiler.
Expansion tank installed in the room, do not need additional protection, but if it is set to an unheated attic, you should take care of the insulation of the device
Shift position pipe tank to feed on the return line is usually not difficult to perform. And just as easy to implement the latest version of: embedding in the circulation pump in the supply line for the expansion tank.
In this situation, it is recommended to choose the most reliable model of the pump, which is a long time will be able to transfer contact with the hot coolant.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
With interesting information on forced heating systems can be found in this video:
For more information about the calculations necessary in the selection of the circulation pump is contained here:
In this roller device described in detail the order and circulating pump assembly:
Forced heating system is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. But to realize this task, you need to properly perform calculations and create a competent project. Under these conditions you can provide your home a reliable and efficient heating.
You pick up the optimum scheme for resettlement in their home heating system of coercion? Can you have any questions that we have not considered in this article? Please ask our experts in the comment block.
Or do you want to supplement the material with practical advice on installation of pumping equipment? Write to us - your feedback will help many beginners.
