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Ferns can be found from coniferous forests and up to the tropics in almost all natural climates and natural climates and natural climates and natural climates. A garden fern is most often an indigenous person of the same locality where the plot of land is located.
Such a selection of crops allows not to worry about the acclimatization of plants and the creation of special conditions for them. Moreover, ferns growing in Russia are no less decorative and attractive than tropical species, but it is much easier to care for them.
Which garden ferns to prefer? Are there any species in our forests that are worthy of decorating an alpine slide, a flower bed or a group planting of conifers?
Ferns in the garden: unpretentious species
If at home, growers often grow exotic species, then in the garden is the place for plants more adapted to frosty winters, hot summer, cold autumn rains and other vicissitudes of the Russian climate. And there are a lot of such species adapting to planting and caring in the country, ferns.
One of the first is asplenium. Although many ferns belonging to this genus are quite thermophilic, there are varieties whose openwork leaves tolerate good wintering in the middle lane. Plants prefer penumbra, where they willingly form rosettes of medium-sized, but very attractive leaves that retain their decorativeness from early spring until snow falls. 
Low-growing wudsia is a medium-sized garden fern, in nature preferring to settle on rocky ledges and even on old walls. The height of the crown of small fluffy leaves, depending on the type, reaches only 5-20 centimeters. At the same time, the plant belongs to long-growing ferns, and in one place it exists perfectly for up to three decades. 
A baseman forms a dense bush up to a meter high. The peculiarity of this fern growing in the garden is the constant formation of new foliage. 
Orlyak is considered to be one of the most common ferns in the world. His curtains can be found on the Arctic lands and in Australia. For the middle band, this aboriginal species is perfect as a garden culture. Triple carved leaves rise high above the ground and can become a haven for early bulbous. When planting a fern in the garden and caring for it, the bracken can quickly grow. Therefore, it is important to immediately take measures so that the culture does not go beyond the area allotted to it. Osmund's 
or Purest is the largest member of the family in the middle lane and in southern Russia. In nature, it can be found only in the forest zone of the Caucasus and eastern Asia. And in the garden where the fern grows, it will become the center located in a damp corner of the flower bed. 
On the alpine slides will find another place nekaprizny garden fern. This bladder is a small shade-tolerant plant with elegant foliage that disappears for the winter.
Planting and caring for garden ferns
For decorating a garden with ferns, plants from the next grove and the garden center will do.
But if in the first case a neatly dug bush gets into the ground almost instantly, and the gardener may not take measures to further protect the roots, then the fern brought from far away will face drying and death.
To protect the plant from crop-critical moisture loss, before transporting the rhizomes, wrap it with a damp cloth or moss, without disturbing the remaining earthen room. If the leaves before planting have time to wilt, they will not restore elasticity, even after watering. To simplify further care, planting garden ferns is carried out immediately.
The place is chosen so that the greens do not suffer from direct sunlight, and the soil retains a slight moisture content as long as possible. Plants are undemanding to the composition of the soil, as long as the substrate is loose. Sandy mixes with a high content of humus are well suited.
If the plant is taken from the forest, it is useful to collect land here and fill the landing pit with it. This will speed up the acclimatization of the fern in the garden.
In the future, it is important to water the plant regularly at intervals of 5–7 days. And carry out fertilizing, using complex tools, including organic and mineral supplements.
The optimum temperature for garden ferns is 15–25 ° C.On summer days, especially in well-lit areas of the plant, more moisture is required, and they are excellent for healing irrigation with foliar irrigation.
If a fern planted in a garden grows quickly, after three years it can grow and require thinning and limitation. This is done in early spring, carefully removing old specimens and carrying out the division of the bushes. Along the way, it is necessary to delineate the boundaries of the section intended for the garden fern with the help of digging into a depth of at least 20 cm of a special grid, geotextile, slate or boards.
Features of the structure and breeding of ferns
In addition to the division of adult bushes, some ferns can be propagated by budding. This should be done at the beginning of autumn. The developed healthy sheet plate is inclined to the ground and sprinkled on the edges with moist soil so that the central vein remains on the air.
Overwintering in this way, a leaf of garden fern in the spring will give the gardener a few tiny daughter rosettes. They should be separated very carefully, trying not to damage either the above-ground part or the rudiments of the roots. Planted small ferns in the garden.
If you use the features of the structure of ferns and their reproduction, you can wait for the spores to mature on the back of the leaves.
First, the spores are well dried in paper envelopes, then, in the middle of winter, they are sown on top of the substrate collected where the fern grows. In the moistened soil, the disputes will have to stay up to a month until the first signs of the emergence of new plants become noticeable. In February, the sockets are transferred to the greenhouse, and with the advent of heat transplanted into the ground at a permanent place.
