Believe me, a private house can be equipped with such a high level of comfort that it will be much more comfortable to live in it than in a city apartment. In any case, plumbing can be used with no less convenience. In the same way, to get water, you just need to open the tap, which is not very compatible with the suburban infrastructure, do you agree?
But this is not a "rainbow" dream. To implement the ideas in the water supply scheme, it is enough to turn on the pumping station. She will remake for the owners a huge amount of hard physical work. True, for its proper connection and operation, it is necessary to know the equipment device well.
We offer you valuable information about the specifics of the use of this technology. Our article will help you understand the principle of the pumping station and introduce you to the installation rules. The information we have provided is supplemented with extremely clear diagrams, photo clips and video tutorials.
The content of the article:
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Water supply station
- The main working components
- Work and features of the control unit
- Interaction of the pump with the hydroaccumulator
- Equipment selection criteria
- Determination of a site for a water supply station
- Pressure parameters in the hydroaccumulator
- Possible installation problems
- Advantages of the pump unit with hydraulic tank
- Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Water supply station
For organization water supply in a private house The stores offer pumping stations in the form of a compact unit made of hydraulic, automatic and electric pumps. It is also possible to assemble a similar water supply installation from individual parts and equipment.
Both options are acceptable, but it is better to choose a ready-made kit with a manufacturer's warranty. It will be cheaper and more practical with further maintenance.
The main working components
According to the device, the factory-assembled pumping station for water supply differs from the surface pump by the presence of a control system in terms of pressure values.
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Pumping stations are used to automate the operation of the water supply line. Automatics included in the equipment starts and disables the pumping process without human intervention.
Pump stations on the basis of surface pumps are used for water intake from shallow workings and open water bodies.
The maximum depth at which pumping stations can pump out water without an additional external ejector, from 6 to 12 m, depending on the manufacturer and power of the equipment
Limitations in pumping depth capabilities affect the utilization of pumping stations.
Pumping stations with surface pumps are often used as additional equipment that ensures the transfer of water from the reservoir to the points of water pumping
The pumping station can be purchased in factory assembled form or it can be completed by yourself. In addition to the pump, it should include a hydraulic tank, a pressure gauge, a pressure switch or an automation unit
For pumping water from wells more than 25 m deep in the automated water supply circuit, the surface pump is replaced by a deep well.
The hydroaccumulator of the pumping system with a submersible pump is installed in the caisson or within the supplied house
Standard equipment pumping station
Production of pumping water from the Abyssinian well
The operation of the pumping station in the scheme with a well
Pumping station in the scheme of water intake from the reservoir
Pumping station in transportation
Standard accessories
Pump system with submersible pump
Hydraulic and automatic systems in the caisson
The structure includes the following functional components:
- Surface electric pump.
- Accumulator with nipple and internal rubber “pear”.
- Pressure gauge.
- Pressure switch.
- Connecting fittings.
For the intake of water, a suction pipe with a check valve and a strainer is connected to it. And to the outlet of the installation connects the line transporting the pumped liquid to the points of consumption. Moreover, if the station has a built-in filter and valve, then they can not supplement the suction hose.
The pumping station is a complex of equipment, including a hydraulic tank, a pressure switch, a pressure gauge and a surface electric pump itself. If there is a probability of the unit operating in the “dry run” state, it is recommended to buy automatic pumps equipped with a flow controller and an automation unit (+)
Hydraulic diaphragm tank, coupled with a centrifugal pump, is capable of maintaining a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres in the water supply of the cottage. This is quite enough for the stable operation of all household appliances, which is installed in private homes. And most of the models hydroaccumulators It is designed for 4.5 atmospheres of maximum possible pressure, which is abundant enough even for a cottage of two or three floors.
Automatic compact station and does not require heavy concreting of the site under the equipment. Its largest element is a water storage tank. However, its installation requires a separate room due to the hum generated during operation. Most often, the entire installation is mounted on the ground floor or in the basement, where it is most convenient to operate and maintain it.
The greater the capacity of the accumulator tank, the less often the pump engine will have to be turned on for work and less wear (+)
A somewhat expensive, but quite reasonable solution for placing equipment may be a caisson, in which can be located as the whole complex of units, and the pump with automation without hydraulic tank installed in house. The budget version of the location of the station at the cottage involves the construction of a separate pavilion that protects the unit from the atmospheric negative.
Work and features of the control unit
The task of the control pumping station of the automation is to monitor the pressure in the system and turn on / off the hydraulic pump engine as needed. For this, the control unit includes a pressure gauge and relay. The first controls the current pressure, and the second controls the pump.
The main elements of the relay are two springs. The large one is configured to close the circuit at the lowest pressure in the membrane tank, when there is little water in it. A smaller one controls the maximum pressure, opening the circuit when the latter is reached.
The pressure switch automatically starts the station pump when the pressure drops to 1.4 bar, for example, and turns off when the maximum value specified by the manufacturer is reached. It is undesirable to change the factory settings of the relay, because they are designed for stop valves
When buying a pumping station for operation in circuits with the probability of short-term operation without water, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of a flow controller device.
It is designed to protect the engine from overheating in the absence of water in the water intake. In such units, the control unit is not focused on the limiting values of pressure, but on lowering the flow.
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To automate the process of starting / shutting down the pump, the station is equipped with a pressure switch. In water supply circuits, the relay is used only in conjunction with a hydroaccumulator.
The pressure switch is a two-circuit switching device for electrical circuits, one of which reacts to the upper limit pressure value and turns off the pump, the second one turns on when the pressure drops below that set limit settings
If there is a threat of the unit working without water, the so-called “dry run”, it is better to equip the station with an automation unit: it will turn off the electric pump if a similar situation occurs
In contrast to the pressure switch, the automation unit does not stop the system when the minimum value is reached, but smoothly turns it off after 15 seconds when the flow rate drops to the lowest values
Pressure switch in the pumping station
Appearance of the control device
Specific use of control units
Features of the automation unit
How competently pick up a pumping station for the arrangement of the dacha, the article proposed by us will help to sort out. In addition to valuable recommendations to customers of equipment, it lists the best offers in the domestic market.
Interaction of the pump with the hydroaccumulator
The capacity of the membrane tank is selected based on the volume of water consumption. A couple of 25–40 liters will be enough for a couple, and for a family of several people you will have to select a device from 100 liters.
Tanks less than 15 liters and do buy only recommended for seasonal use in the country. Due to the constant pumping of water, the membrane wears out quickly.
In the hydraulic tank in the initial state through the nipple (air valve) pumped air, creating a pressure of 1.5 atm. During operation, water is pumped into the membrane under pressure, compressing the air “supply”. With the tap open, the compressed air pushes the water out.
It is believed that the larger the capacity, the longer the pumping equipment will last, because the number of on / off cycles will decrease. However, a large tank capacity is worth a lot.
According to the rules, the hydraulic tank is selected on the basis of calculations, based on the values specified by the manufacturer on and off pressure, real water flow with water intake simultaneously points.
The reserve fluid in the hydraulic tank is usually about one third of the total volume of the tank. All the remaining space is given under compressed air, which is needed to maintain a constant water pressure in the pipes.
If the hydraulic accumulator is built into the water supply system to minimize the risks associated with hydraulic reservoirs, the tank can be selected to be small in size. In this case, it is not the volume of the tank that is important, but the presence of a membrane and air behind it. In the event of something, they will take the blow upon themselves, smoothing its consequences.
The pump capacity must correspond to the volume of the membrane tank (for a tank of 20–25 l It is recommended to take a hydraulic pump at 1.5 m3 / h, for 50 liters - 2.5 m3 / h, and for a 100 l tank - not less than 5 m3 / h)
Works automatic pumping station in two cycles:
- First, water is pumped into the hydraulic accumulator by a pump from the water intake, creating in it an excess air pressure.
- When the tap in the house is opened, the membrane tank is emptied, after which the automation starts up the pump equipment again.
The device of the hydroaccumulator for pump station of water supply is extremely simple. It consists of a metal case and a sealed membrane, which divides the entire space inside into two parts. In the first of them is the air, and the second is pumped water.
The pump pumps fluid into the membrane tank only when the pressure in the system drops to in the region of 1.5 atm, when a predetermined extremely high pressure value is reached, the station is switched off (+)
After filling the accumulator, the relay shuts off the pump. Opening the tap in the sink leads to the fact that the water squeezed by the pressure of the membrane onto the membrane begins to gradually flow into the water supply system. At some point, the tank is emptied to such an extent that the pressure decreases. After this, the pump is switched on again, starting the cycle of the pump station operation on a new one.
When the tank is empty, the membrane septum is crushed and pressed against the flange of the inlet nozzle. After turning on the hydraulic pump, the membrane is filled with water pressure, compressing the air part and increasing the pressure in it already in the air. It is this gas-liquid interaction through the changing barrier that lies in the principle of operation of the membrane tank of the pumping station.
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The volume of the hydroaccumulator for water supply systems depends on the size and complexity of the system. In a simplified version of the calculations, the displacement of water consumed is divided by the planned number of inclusions.
For systems of small length and volume, they release 6–10 liter vertically oriented tanks without support legs.
For systems that supply water to a family of two or three people, a hydraulic tank up to 50 liters is included in the scheme. They are produced in a horizontal version with supporting legs and a platform for installing the pump from above
For water supply systems with submersible pumps that pump water from wells from a depth of more than 25 m, hydraulic tanks with a volume of more than 50 liters are used, since It is necessary to reduce the number of inclusions. These are vertical tanks on supports, with a capacity from 50 to 750 liters
Dimensions of the accumulator for the autonomous system
Hydraulic tank in the supply of a small house or cottage
Horizontal Accumulators
Hydraulic tank for a water supply circuit with a submersible pump
Equipment selection criteria
Factory-assembled pumping stations come with a surface hydraulic pump, often having an internal or external ejector. However, hydroaccumulators can also be used with submersible pumping equipment, but they are assigned a slightly different technical term “pumping system”.
In the case of working in tandem with the station, the membrane tanks may be less volume than hydraulic tanks for systems with submersible pumps. This is due to the fact that the number of permissible on / off switches for submersible pumping units is less than for surface pumping machines.
Pumping stations, fully prepared for work at the factory, need only be connected to the appropriate piping and power supply (+)
Surface pumpshaving an internal ejector, have serious limitations on the depth of water intake. They are able to lift water only from 7–8 meters. However, they give a powerful water pressure at the exit with a water column of 40–60 meters (4–6 bar).
The internal ejector is not afraid of air traffic jams. They first pump the air without any negative consequences for themselves, and then they begin to pump the water from the well into the system.
The main drawback of stations with an internal ejector is a high noise level during operation. If these models of pumping equipment for autonomous water supply are planned to be installed in an honest house, then it is recommended to do it only in utility rooms with good sound insulation.
Using outboard ejector allows you to take water from depths up to 50 meters. These pumps are more economical, but have low efficiency (no more than 40%). But they produce much less noise than analogs with a built-in ejector.
The choice of the type of pumping unit for the station depends on the quality characteristics of the medium planned for pumping:
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For arranging cottages and small private cottages connected to centralized networks, pumping stations with the main vortex-type unit are used.
For the intake of water from open ponds and well mines, stations with centrifugal self-priming pumps are used.
In water supply schemes with the use of the station as a unit, pumping the water of their accumulator to consumers, centrifugal types are used.
In water supply schemes requiring pressure increase, multistage pumps are used in the format of pumping stations
Pump station with vortex pump
Self priming pump in station
Centrifugal unit in pumping water
Multistage pump in the station
Determination of a site for a water supply station
Choosing the location for the pumping station, you need to focus on the characteristics of the hydraulic pump. Every ten meters of horizontal pipe between the water source and the pump reduces its suction capacity by 1 m.
If they are expected to be separated by a distance of more than ten meters, then the model of the pump unit should be selected with an increased suction depth.
The automatic station of the autonomous water supply system can be located:
- on the street in the caisson near the well;
- insulated pavilion built specially for pumping equipment;
- in the basement of the house.
Stationary outdoor version provides arrangement of the caisson and laying a pressure pipe from it to the cottage below the level of soil freezing. When constructing a year-round operated pipeline, laying it below the seasonal freezing depth is obligatory.
When constructing temporary summer highways for the period of residence in the country, the pipeline is not buried below 40 - 60 cm or laid on the surface.
A warm, ventilated basement with sound insulation is an ideal place to install a pumping station, where it and the water supply pipes in the winter will not freeze (+)
If you install the station in the basement or basement, you will not have to fear the pump will freeze in winter. It is only necessary to lay the suction pipe below the freezing limit of the soil, so that it does not freeze in severe cold.
Often the well is drilled right in the house, then the length of the pipeline is significantly reduced. But not in every cottage such drilling is possible.
Installation of water supply pumping stations in a separate building is possible only if the equipment is operated during the period of positive temperatures. However, for areas with very low winter temperatures, this option, designed for operation all year round, needs to be warmed or provided with a heating system. It is better to immediately install the pumping station directly in a heated house.
When choosing a location for the location of the water supply station, it is necessary to take into account the temperature limits specified by the manufacturer in its passport:
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In open areas, pumping stations can be operated only with positive thermometer readings not exceeding +40 - 45º С
For pumping water from shallow wells, wells, open reservoirs, compact pumping stations are installed temporarily, and after work are transferred to a closed room.
For the location of the station outside the house during the working season, you can use the indoor unheated pavilion, cabins, barn, well house and similar facilities.
Stationary installation of a pumping station within the house is desirable to be carried out in a boiler room, since during operation the equipment is noisy
The pumping station should not be installed in rooms that may be flooded with flood waters in spring or autumn.
With a low occurrence of groundwater and the lack of probability of flood flooding, the pumping station can be installed in an equipped caisson
Year-round use of pits not buried below the level of freezing of rocks is not permissible. This option is equal to the location on the street
At the end of the working season, the water from the station located in a shallow pit should be completely drained. It is also necessary to drain it from the suction and water supply pipes.
Period for the operation of the pumping station
Pumping out of shallow water sources in summer
Installation of a pumping station in a well house
Stationary installation of equipment in the boiler house
Unsuitable station locations
Use caisson to operate the pumping station
Use of sumps for pumping units
Temporary placement of the station in the buried box
Pressure parameters in the hydroaccumulator
For proper operation of household plumbing devices in the water supply of a cottage, it is necessary to maintain a pressure of 1.4–2.6 atmospheres. To prevent the hydroaccumulator membrane from wearing out too quickly, manufacturers recommend installing a pressure in it at 0.2–0.3 atm above water pressure.
The pressure in the water supply of a single-story house is usually 1.5 atm. From this figure, and should be repelled when adjusting the hydraulic tank. But for larger residential buildings, the pressure must be increased so that the water is in all the most distant from the riser taps. Here we need more complex hydraulic calculations, taking into account the length and configuration of pipelines, as well as the number and type of plumbing devices.
Simplified to calculate the desired pressure for domestic water supply is possible by the formula:
(H + 6) / 10,
where “H” is the height from the pump to the highest water supply point in the plumbing on the top floor of the house.
However, if the calculated indicator pressure in the autonomous water supply will exceed the permissible characteristics of existing plumbing and domestic appliances, then when such pressure is set, these will fail. In this case, it is necessary to select a different scheme for distributing water pipes.
Pressure regulation in the air part of the hydroaccumulator is performed through the spool by bleeding off excess air or pumping it with a car pump.
Possible installation problems
If the pump is switched on too often and immediately switched off, it is necessary to immediately check the air pressure in the accumulator. At low rates, it will be necessary to pump up this. But to eliminate the problem in this way will work only if the membrane and the tank body are not damaged. Here, only contacting the repair center service center will help.
The air-supply nipple is most often located on the side of the tank that is opposite to the water inlet, but options are also possible on the side.
When water drops appear on the nipple of the air valve, the accumulator should be immediately disconnected from the plumbing system. This is a direct sign of damage to the membrane. Without replacing it in such a situation is not enough. The air in the water system of a private house through the membrane tank should not flow.
If the pump does not want to turn on at all, it is worth looking at pressure switch adjustment. There are times when it is set to too high pressure. But it is possible and the option with the ingress of air into the suction hose, which leads to actuation of protection against dry running.
Advantages of the pump unit with hydraulic tank
The pump unit is an integral part of the autonomous water supply system. It provides water from a well or well, the distribution of which is further down the cottage. carried out by the work of the pump itself, the use of a water tank or use hydroaccumulator.
Hydropneumatic water-lifting installation and water-pressure tank are designed to maintain constant pressure in the house water supply system
The use of only one pump in the distribution of water in a cottage is associated with many problems. With this arrangement autonomous water supply pumping equipment is forced to constantly turn on / off, because of which its service life is sharply reduced. And in a situation with a power outage, the home is completely left without water.
To reduce pump wear and protect the house in case of accidents on electrical networks, an additional storage device is included in the house water supply system. This may be a water tank in the attic, from which water to the sanitary devices flows by gravity, either an accumulator that maintains the pressure in the network by artificial means (also known as a membrane tank or hydraulic tank).
In both cases, the pump is turned on to form a reserve of water in the tank. Only in the second case, the stock is created in the automatic mode by the pressure control system. At the same time, a storage tank allows you to create a reserve of water in case of power failure, and a system with a hydraulic tank without electricity will not work at all.
However, the drive in the filled state is notable for its considerable weight and, when installed in the attic, requires strengthening of the ceiling and insulation.
The version with a membrane tank is more convenient and practical. The principle of operation of the water supply system with such a pumping station is based on the artificial maintenance of water pressure in the pipes. The pump itself, pumping water from the water intake, is included only to fill the tank. Further, it is fed into the system using compressed air.
Hydraulic pump installed in the basement of the pumping station works on the suction, which allows it to be used only with shallow aquifers or with wells with natural water retention
Unlike the version with the expansion tank, the hydropneumatic installation is more compact. Plus the use of a membrane type hydroaccumulator ensures that there is no water hammer in the network and a constant pressure in the pipes of the water supply system, and also simplifies the maintenance of the water supply system of consumers in a private house.
The only drawback of pumping stations with accumulator is energy dependence. The water storage tank is often small in size of 25–50 liters. The pump has to be turned on frequently to fill it, and when the light is turned off, the water reserve is not enough for too long. In order to eliminate such situations, it is desirable to stock up on an autonomous generator.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Movie # 1. From what depths the pumping equipment is able to lift water:
Movie # 2. How to build a pumping station from a domestic centrifugal pump:
Movie # 3. Everything about the principle of operation of the hydroaccumulator that goes as part of a pumping station:
Automatic autonomous water supply systems make it possible, when living in a country house, not to bother carrying water in buckets. Thanks to a simple device, pumping stations are simple to install and maintain.
With their installation can handle almost anyone. Fortunately, the number of configurations of pumping equipment of various types with accumulators exists a lot, for each cottage you can find the optimal solution.
Do you want to share your own experience in using the pumping station, have any questions or found flaws in the article? Please write comments in the box below.
