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The history of the development of this vegetable culture has more than 6000 years. Someone calls this plant a vegetable, someone is a "false berry". The ancients knew its medicinal properties and applied the flesh of this plant to a means for cleansing the body. After all, it contains more than 70% of water. Its "fruits" are traditionally consumed as immature when they are green. They improve the metabolism in the body, promote good appetite, improve the work of the heart and kidneys. Cucumbers are loved by many - fresh, canned, pickled, in salads and just like that.
Varieties of self-pollinated varieties of cucumbers
For such a long time of the existence of cucumbers, a huge number of varieties of this culture were hatched: hybrid, non-hybrid, medium-large-bodied, gherkins and many others.
Within the boundaries of each variety there is a division into male, female and mixed individuals of this culture. This division is very important for gardener - which variety should be preferred. In most random seed material, which the gardener receives from seed cucumbers, contains drugs in which the male and then female features will predominate. Accordingly, in the stage of pollination bees are required.
Self-polluting cucumbers are considered more productive. They contain both male and female reproductive organs on flowers. Therefore, the probability of germination and appearance of fruits in such plants is much higher. Seeds of cucumbers for a greenhouse should be taken with the expectation that they should be self-pollinated, that is, that the plant has both male and female features. This way you can save the next time you land.
Different cucumbers differ in their taste, some are better for eating fresh and are good in salads, other varieties are bred specifically for canning. In many respects this is determined by the type of variety. Early self-pollinated cucumbers are more tender than late. Most often they are consumed fresh. The middle and late are more universal.
Self-polishing cucumbers for open ground
Cultivate self-pollinating cucumbers for open ground is easy! Planting seeds in the open ground is a traditional form of cultivation of this crop. So you can grow most varieties of self-pollinating cucumbers. To care for self-pollinated cucumbers for open ground, it does not take as much cost as for greenhouses. On the other hand, the amount of harvest is several times smaller. These cucumbers need a lot of heat and enough water.
Most varieties of self-pollinated cucumbers are universal, but there are also those that are intended for growing in an open and sheltered ground. These are such varieties as Gerda, Friendly Family, Connie and others.
- The variety "Gerda" refers to the so-called midwinter varieties of self-pollinated cucumbers.
It is intended for growing on an open and protected ground. The term of its maturation is about 40 days. It gives high germination, the number of ovaries on the node is from 3 to 5. "Gerda" is a gherkin variety. The greens themselves grow up to 10 centimeters in length. This variety is resistant to powdery mildew and to other diseases. This variety is universal, cucumbers can be consumed both fresh and canned. - "Friendly family" is no less interesting variety of self-pollinated middle-aged cucumbers. In mature form, the fruits reach a length of 12 centimeters.
Fruiting is achieved in 45-46 days from the appearance of the green. It differs in its resistance to disease, its greenish dense, inconspicuous. This grade is recommended for consowing and pickling.
Self-pollinating cucumbers for a greenhouse
Many believe that greenhouse cucumbers are less useful than those grown in the open ground. However, with proper application of fertilizers and observance of all conditions, greenhouse vegetables are preserved as flavoring properties, and do not harm human health.
In addition, self-pollinated cucumbers grown in a greenhouse give a much larger yield than their counterparts cultivated in an open or sheltered soil.
So, in an ordinary winter greenhouse, the yield of cucumbers is on average 32-34 kg / m2, while on the open ground in the season - up to 3 kg from 1 square meter.
On the other hand, it is much more expensive to equip the greenhouse than to prepare a plot of land, but in general the benefit of growing greenhouse cucumbers is much greater.
Among the most acceptable varieties of self-pollinated cucumbers for a greenhouse include such varieties as "Emelya "Zozulya "Zyatok" and many others.
- "Emelya" is a ripening early-medium variety, intended primarily for greenhouses and greenhouses. It has a good yield of 13-15 kg / m2. The first cucumbers can be collected after 30-40 days. The culture is rich in green color, high taste qualities. This self-pollinating hybrid is resistant to disease and cold.
- Zozulya is one of the most popular greenhouse hybrids on the territory of our country. Due to the predominance of female flowers, it is highly productive. The yield of self-pollinating cucumbers of this variety reaches 24-26 kg / m2. Fruits are medium and large, reaching a maximum weight of 280 grams. It is distinguished by an average degree of branching. New samples of seeds have resistance to diseases - olive spotting of cucumber mosaic virus and others. Excellent canned.
Universal self-pollinated cucumber
Most modern varieties of self-pollinated cucumbers are universal, they can be planted both in the open ground and in the greenhouse. It should be borne in mind that sometimes parthenocarpic varieties are sometimes referred to as universal self-pollinated varieties. These are "false" self-mutating varieties. They do not have male flowers, but there are female flowers. This helps the formation of green flowers without pollination. In such plants there are no seeds.
To universal varieties of cucumbers, suitable for planting both in the soil and in the greenhouse, include such as: "Spring "Herman "Claudia "Crispina "Ant etc.
- The name of the variety "Spring" speaks for itself. This is an early universal parthenocarpic hybrid. The zealots of this variety are short - up to 8 cm, the plant is medium-branched, the average yield of the variety is 15-17 kg / m2. Cucumbers have a sweetish taste, fruits are resistant to diseases.
- The Dutch variety "Herman" absorbed all the achievements of European breeders. Like "Spring it is early-maturing. However, it refers to the universal, truly self-pollinated species. Fruits of small length - up to 12 centimeters, saturated dark green color. In the harvest season, you can collect both gherkins and larger greens. In addition, the seeds of this variety are resistant to pests and diseases. Seeds of these cucumbers for the greenhouse are treated with special harmless to humans, but disastrous for pests compositions. The main advantages of the "Dutchman" are high yield and early maturation.
