Detailed description of the variety of plum trees

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Even on a small plot, a rare summer resident refuses to plant a plum tree.Plum - extremely popular in gardeners stone culture. In many Russian gardens one can find one of its most interesting varieties - Stanley, with a description of which you will get acquainted with in this article.

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Stanley Plum - in details

Plum of the Hungarian

A group of plum-Hungarians, to which Stanley belongs (Stanley himself, also Stanley), combines varieties with lengthened dark purple fruits, a clear abdominal suture and a dense saccharine pulp.Hungarian is well suited for drying, and it is from these that the best prune is obtained.

History of the variety

In the early twentieth century, professor of the Department of Horticulture at Cornell University

Richard Wellington conducted experiments on crossing the famous French plum Pruno d'Agen and the American Grand Duke. The result of the selection was the Stanley variety created in 1926. From the gentle "mother" -francuzhenka he inherited an excellent taste and a bright aroma of fruits. From the "father" -American - resistance to the freezing of flower buds.

The French plum Pruno d'Agen

Today, the Stanley Plum is planted with vast areas in temperate zones around the world. Almost all European and American prunes are made from it. In Russia, Stanley has been cultivated since the 80s of the 20th century.Despite the fact that the variety is recommended for the southern regions, it can be found also much farther north- in the Central Black Earth region, the Moscow region and even in Siberia. However, where there are already frosts in September, it is better not to take risks. Stanley - plum late ripening, may not have time to mature before the cold.

Characteristic of the variety

External Features	The tree grows up to 3 meters in height. The crown of the crown is sparse, rounded. Stamp straight, with medium degree of peeling, dark gray. Shoots are red-violet, slightly rounded, without pubescence. The length of the internodes is about, cm. Leaflets have anthocyanin pigmentation. On the underside of the leaf plate - a pair of yellowish aromatic glands. Stipules lanceolate, light green.
Bloom	The Stanley plum blossoms roughly in mid-April. Generative kidneys are located on shoots of annual growth and bouquet branches. Each kidney forms 1-2 flowers. The flowers are white, up to 3 cm in diameter. The petals are slightly closed, not corrugated, with a wavy edge. Length of the pedicel - up to 2 cm.
Fruiting	Fruit-bearing this variety begins with 4 years of life. Removable maturity is achieved by the beginning of September. Fruit is a single-stemmed drupe, very large. The average weight is 45 grams. Covering color is dark purple, the main color is green. The shape of the fetus is obovate (the tip is rounded, the cervix is ​​elongated), with a distinctly ventral suture, unequal. Peel - without pubescence and strokes, with brown subcutaneous dots and wax coating, poorly separated from the pulp. Flesh yellow, with a strong aroma, dense. Sweet taste with light sourness (tasting score, points). Bone separates well.
Demanding to the soil	The Stanley variety loves fertile soil. The need for regular feeding is very high. Otherwise, the fruits are shallow.
Sustainability	Stanley is declared as a high-resistant grade. It is able to carry frosts to -34 ° C. Drought tolerance is average. With a long absence of watering, the fruit is discarded. It is highly resistant to polystigmosis (red spotting) and shark. It is affected by gray rot and decay.
Productivity	Fruiting is stable. Gives up to 60 kg of fruit from one tree.
Appointment of fruit	Usage is universal: fresh, for drying, for making juices, compotes, jams, for marinating and freezing.
Demand for pollinators	Partially self-fertilized variety, it binds fruits without pollinators. However, the best yields come if there are plum sorts of Chachak, Empress, President or Blufri.
Transportability and longevity	At normal temperatures, the fruit of the Stanley plum is stored without loss of quality until 15 days. In the cold (+ 1 ° C) - up to 25 days. Transportability of fruits is very good.

Pros and Cons of Stanley Plum

Summarizing all the characteristics of this variety, we can draw conclusions about its merits and demerits.

Of the merits:

• excellent taste of fruits and universality of destination;
• frost resistance;
• self-fertility;
• high and stable yield;
• good indicators of lightness and transportability;
• resistance to shark and red spots.

The Stenley Plum has high rates of lightness and transportability

Of the shortcomings:

• instability to gray rot;
• exacting to the fertility of the soil;
• low drought resistance;
• late ripeness.

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Stanley variety - from seedlings to crops

To grow Stanley on your site, you need a general knowledge of the rules of plum culture and a little patience.When choosing a seedling, one must take into account the characteristics of its climate. If you grow Stanley in a warm region, you can buy a root-bearing seedling. If the climate is cold, it is better to take it to the rootstock.

Site Selection

Place for landing Stanley you need to choose the warmest and sunny. Well, if it is protected from drafts.The tree will feel great on the southern side of the gentle slopeor at least a low fence, if it does not overshadow too much.

For the plum Stenley most favorably warm and sunny place

Stanley is a moisture-loving sort, but it does not stand the stagnation of water at all. Therefore, lowlands, swampy areas and places with a high standing of subsoil waters, this sink will not work.

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It should also be remembered that this American guest likes to "eat". It is necessary to take her a rather fertile piece of land with an area of ​​at least 9 square meters.The best options are weakly alkaline and neutral sandy loams or loams. Sour soil will need to be deoxidized with dolomite flour.

Planting a seedling

Stenley is best planted in early spring before sap movement.Practice calls, that at an autumn planting this sort gets accustomed worse.

Preparing a planting hole for the plum

The landing pit should be prepared in autumn, before the onset of frost. In this case the soil will have time to settle properly. The size of the pit and the method of laying depend on the fertility of the soil.

Fertile soil	Not enough fertile soil
Depth of pit	60 cm	100 cm
Diameter of the pit	80 cm	100 cm
Method of bookmarking	The top layer of the soil is removed and deposited separately. The bottom of the landing pit is dug. The removed top layer is mixed with humus in the proportion: and poured into the bottom of the hole.	Removed sod, crushed and stacked separately. Mix 2 buckets of well-rotted manure, a liter of ash and chopped sod. The mixture is placed on the bottom of the pit. Up to half the depth, a fertile soil from a different place falls into the hillock.

Planting a seedling Stanley does not have any technological features. It is carried out according to the general rules:

1. A little off the top of the moundAt the bottom of the landing pit, a support stake is driven in. The height should be calculated so that the top of the support was just below the first side shoots of the seedling.
2. The pit hole is goodspill water.
3. Seedling put next to the support and tie up. Thus it is necessary to watch, that the root neck has appeared above the ground.
4. Distribute the roots on the moundand gradually sprinkle with good earth, tightly trampling down.

Planting a plum seedling

1. Againcheck the location of the root collar. Ideally, if it is three fingers above the surface of the soil.
2. Retreat by about half a meter from the stem and the chopper or flat cuttercircle a groove. In it, pour about three buckets of water.
3. Keep in mindbarrel circle.

Further Care

Immediately after planting, the seedling must be "cut".Plum gives big annual increments, so the sooner the crown begins to form, the better. The seedling-one-year-old should be pricked with the apical bud, so that lateral shoots grow in growth. Of these, the future skeletal branches of the tree will form. In a two-year-old seedling it is necessary to shorten the central conductor and lateral branches a third.

In the first season after landing on a permanent place Stanley requires a lot of attention. Watering the seedling should be regular. Several times during the summer you can spill a solution of "Heteroauxin" from the calculation of 2 tablets per 10-liter bucket of water. It is not worth it to weed the drift ring, so as not to disturb the injured roots. Grass is better to mow.

In the second year, it's time to start feeding.Their scheme will depend on the phase of life of the plant.

From the 2nd year after disembarkation to the introduction into fructification	Fruit-bearing tree
Spring	In the first days of May - a solution of urea (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water)	Before the beginning of flowering - a solution of urea (2 tablespoons) and potassium sulfate (2 tablespoons) per 10 liters of water.
Summer	In the first days of June - a solution of nitrofoski (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water)	During the filling of berries - a solution of urea (2 tablespoons) and nitrofoski (3 tablespoons) per 10 liters of water.
Autumn	The end of August - a solution of potassium sulfate (2 tablespoons) and superphosphate (2 tablespoons) per 10 liters of water.	After the collection of fruits - a solution of potassium sulfate (2 tablespoons) and superphosphate (3 tablespoons) per 10 liters of water.

In addition to mineral top dressings, Stanley sink can be offered organic.Every year at the beginning of summer, a bucket of manure and a glass of dolomite flour.

Every year the tree should be fertilized with humus

For the prevention of disease and pest infestation, it is necessary to do sanitary pruning. Once in seven years - rejuvenating.

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Measures to combat diseases and pests

Moniliosis (gray rot) is a fungus that spoils the fruits of the plum. It looks at the initial stage, like a brown stain on the skin. This formation quickly grows and becomes covered with a gray "down carrying fungal spores.

Plum Stenley can be strongly affected by monolithiasis. To prevent the scourge, it is necessary to spray the tree with the fungicide "Abiga-Peak" twice before the season (before flowering and during the pouring of fruits). If the tree is still sick, you will have to cut off the infected branches and burn them. Treat the healthy parts with the drug.

Stilley is very fond of pollinated aphids. Colonies of these small greenish-brown insects severely damage young shoots and plum leaves. For preventive maintenance it is good to plant a tree with marigolds. They attract ladybirds - natural enemies of aphids. In case of severe damage to the plant, you can use Intavir.However, it should be remembered:Insecticides kill not only pests, but also useful for the garden of insects.

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Afterword

Plum Stenley, of course, deserves the attention of Russian gardeners.If you master the art of copulating, you can test this variety without even spending time cultivating a seedling. There is no doubt that efforts will justify themselves.

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