How to connect a 380 volt electrical outlet

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It is difficult to find a GOST for sockets and plugs for industrial voltage 380 V. The material is not issued by search engines. At the same time a variety of plug connections is extremely large. Let's see how to connect a 380 volt electrical outlet.

Electrical outlets for 380 V

Let's start the consideration of the issue with GOST R 51323.2.The document contains drawings and requirements for 380 V electrical outlets, where the contacts are evenly spaced in a circle. To not rassusolivat long, copied the drawings from the text. Our drawing compares favorably with the standard correction of a small typo. In the official text of the document, instead of neutral on a 3P outlet( 5 contacts), there is a fourth phase, which is inappropriate by definition.

In addition to 380 voltage, other options from the standard were also presented. Sockets and plugs originate from three-phase voltage, it seems outwardly. Below we explain the reason. It is supposed to find out how to distinguish a 380 V 2P + ground outlet from 220 V 1P + N + ground. Let's get started

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Outlet Drawings

Sockets

  1. The two-phase outlet option is labeled 2P.Instead of the usual L( line) see P( phase).The moment must be considered when connecting. In this embodiment, the key is opposite the grounding jack, and the phases are located according to the growth of the number according to a clockwise direction.
  2. The 380 V socket with three phases and earth ground is 90 degrees apart. The land is against the key. Please note - this is not neutral. Phase numbers go from the key clockwise. The socket is designed to power systems with low-grounded neutral. The currents go through the phase wires, where at the specified moment the voltage is lower.
  3. The 380 V sockets with three phases, neutral and earth are suitable for powering any systems. Gnezd five with a distance of 72 degrees in a circle. Grounding is against the key, the phases are clockwise. Separated by a neutral contact.
  4. The 380 V socket with single phase, neutral and earth is available exclusively in the series II.The key is located at the level of 6 hours( according to the dial of the hands).Nests gathered a triangle with an angular distance of 120 degrees. Grounding is at the level of 4 hours, which is reflected in the name of the type of socket 380 V. Clockwise from grounding is neutral, the remaining socket is phase.
  5. The type of the 380 V socket with phase, neutral and earth 5 hours differs from the previous one by a 30 degree clockwise offset of the sockets. This ensures the mechanical incompatibility of interfaces. The whole difference.
  6. In the version of the 380 V socket with two phases, neutral and earth, the sockets are separated by 90 degrees. To respect the differences from 3P + ground, the location is changed. Now there is a neutral against the key. As a result, the earth went to the 12 o'clock position. Phases are located diametrically: the first on the left side.

Plugs

Plugs become mirror reflections of sockets. If for the fifth item on the list the land was at the level of 5 hours, now it turns out at 7.00.

Phase and neutral are slightly thinner. Socket type 2P + N + ground is incompatible with 3P + ground, although the sockets are equally located relative to the key. The thickened ground of the plug does not go into neutral if the person is trying to connect incorrectly. The geometric form does not accidentally make a mistake. Sockets and plugs are available in two series, different nominal currents:

  1. Series I: 16, 32, 63 and 125 A.
  2. Series II: 20, 30, 60 and 100 A.

Sockets according to GOST R 51323.2 are available for a variety of voltages and frequencies. The shape does not remain the same, slightly changing, as the size. The above drawings correspond to sockets and plugs for voltages in excess of 50 V and currents of 16, 20, 30 and 32 A. Moreover, in terms of the size, there are no differences in series. The plug for the current 16 A coincides with the plug for 20 A, the socket for 30 A has a slightly larger diameter( including sockets) and height.

Marking of sockets for 380 V

There are no obstacles for mutual use. Sockets and plugs of the first and second series, according to GOST R 51323.2, differ only in marking. And not explicitly, but solely due to the magnitude of the current. The designation consists of a number of groups:

  1. In the first place there is a current defining a series of sockets.

    The position of the additional key

  2. The position of the additional key or grounding contact is given in hours. Examples from the standard do not allow to understand thoroughly. We do not see an image similar to 9 o'clock in the drawings( left position).It remains to conclude that the position of the additional key is not fixed. At the same time, it is different from the main one, which is at the level of 6 hoursThe conclusion is simple: an additional key is similar to the main one and is located in a certain place around the circle. For example, table 103 shows the digits in hours for sockets up to 50 V. For a higher voltage, the position of the additional key is not indicated. Table 104 makes it clear that the location of the grounding contact is not fixed. Engineers, for simplicity, have thrown drawings, where part of the sockets goes to 220 V, and the rest - to 380 V. As a result, confusion arises. It turns out that the position of the ground contact is unique for any voltage and frequency rating. If we see the marking: 16A - 9h / 380 V ~, it definitely applies to the type of 2P + ground outlets at 50 or 60 Hz. Table 104 explains further down the page. We state: in the second place in the marking is the hour position of the additional, not the main, key or grounding contact.
  3. In the third group of figures the nominal operating voltage is given. Selected according to the table below.

Phases are designated by numbers 1, 2, 3. The presence of the letters L is possible. It is allowed to designate the phases by R1, S2, T3.The neutral is usually marked N. The only phase is sometimes denoted by L / +, or an empty space remains. In the same way, connectors with three contacts can be marked, as we will see on the example of 2P + ground outlets.

380 V sockets for currents from 60 A and above

380 V sockets for high currents differ from those indicated above. First, they are now supplied with a protective socket, demonstrating two types of protection:

Sockets and locking

  1. . Electric locking is performed as an additional contact of the socket, which includes the corresponding plug pin. There is an opportunity to realize protection against improper inclusion. In advance, for example, due to the difference of 1 mm in diameter of the socket, the plug with mechanical protection will not enter the socket. Apparently, it is required for additional delimitation of spheres. The electrical interface is no different, and the current rating is similar, it remains to assume that there are specific power requirements for individual devices. It is quite possible, since the protection against the disappearance of one phase is realized. The protective contact voltage is applied or removed, then the electrical connection breaks, saving the equipment from failure.
  2. Mechanical protection differs from an electric wide aperture( 1 mm more).Depth reaches 21 and 40 mm. It remains to assume that, if necessary, it will be possible to insert a plug with an electric lock here, further depends on the features of the implementation of the system itself.

The lock slot, as can be seen from the figure, is in a permanent place. It suggests that joint exploitation is possible in some cases. In addition to this feature from the figure, it is noticeable that the grounding in the 380 volt socket remains in the same place, but other contacts have shifted:

  1. If the protective socket is located in the center, the location of the others does not change. We see the example of 3P + ground sockets, 3P + N + earth and 2P + N + earth.
  2. If the protective socket is in the same circle with other contacts, the position angle relative to ground is reduced to 105 degrees.

The security socket is invariably located on a common diametrical line with grounding, regardless of its location: in the center or along the radius. Thus, the connection of a 380 volt electrical outlet is completely dependent on its type. This implies a current consumption and a set of phases in combination with grounding and neutral.

The dependence of the angular position of the grounding contact and the additional key on the characteristics of the

socket The positioning table of the grounding contact

Did not begin to transfer the table to text form so as not to be mistaken. Just took screenshots from the document and compacted. Only corrected a small typo in the column with 5 contacts, where there was a 2P + N + ground outlet type that does not look true. Should read: 3P + N + earth.

  1. An additional key is a protrusion or notch that can be missing. Availability demonstrates - this is not a 380 V socket. The voltage is lowered, and it is unacceptable to use this in our case. The angular position of the additional key depends on the frequency and nominal voltage. One option is provided for DC - 10 hours.
  2. The position of the thick earthing contact depends on the type of outlet( the authors checked), the rated current, voltage and frequency. Without seeing the marking, much is already noticeable in the appearance of the outlet. You see that not all numbers here refer to 380 V. For the case in question, the following data groups are suitable:
  • Sockets of type 2Р + grounding at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz with a grounding contact of 9 hours regardless of the size of the rated current. When powered from an isolation transformer( galvanic isolation), the grounding contact is shifted by 12 hours, for DC - 8 hours.
  • Socket type 3P + grounding at 50 or 60 Hz with a grounding contact for 6 hours( voltage rating from 380 to 415, regardless of current), or 3 hours( rating 380 V, currents up to 32 A inclusive).The standard for higher frequencies and currents up to 32 A inclusive with the location of grounding contacts in the area of ​​10 and 2 hours is allocated.
  • For the type of 3P + N + ground sockets, you need to understand that two voltages are given: between the phases and relative to the neutral. So there is a voltage of 220/380 V. For frequencies of 50 and 60 Hz, the grounding contact is located at 6 o'clock, and from 300 to 500 Hz - at 2 o'clock.

There is a large group of sockets with a grounding contact at the 1 o'clock position, not included in the table. Even with external similarity it is possible by the position of the grounding contact or an additional key to say a lot about the outlet.380 volt connectors do not fit on a different nominal, differ in current and frequency. Thanks to this division, it is not possible to damage the equipment by switching it on incorrectly.

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