Are you wondering why you need an electronic module electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps and how it should be connected? Proper installation of energy-saving lamps will allow repeatedly to extend their life, right? But you do not know how to connect the electronic ballast and whether to do it?
We'll tell you about the appointment of an electronic module and connect it - in the article discusses the structural features of this machine, thus creating a so-called starter voltage, and maintains an optimum operating mode lamps.
Is a schematic diagram of connection of fluorescent lamps using ECG and videorekomendatsii by the use of such devices. Which are an integral part of the circuit of gas discharge lamps, despite the fact that such design of the light source may vary significantly.
The content of the article:
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Design of electronic control modules
- Electromagnetic device old sample
- Improvements to the design of electronic ballasts
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What is the device?
- Features of the apparatus
- Schematic diagram puskoregulyatora
- Connection options for fluorescent lamps
- Connection to the electronic modules
- Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Design of electronic control modules
Construction of industrial and domestic fluorescent light bulbsAs a rule, modules are equipped with electronic ballasts. Abbreviation read quite lucidly - electronic ballast.
Electromagnetic device old sample
Considering the structure of the device in a series of electromagnetic classics, one can immediately notice a distinct lack of - module cumbersome.
However, designers have always sought to minimize the overall dimensions EMPRA. To some extent it was possible, according to the latest modifications already in the form of electronic ballasts.
Set of functional elements of the electromagnetic ballast. Its component parts, as can be seen are the only two components - a throttle (called ballast) and a starter (forming discharge circuit)
The bulkiness due to the structure of the electromagnetic circuit in the introduction of bulky choke - compulsory element intended to smooth the mains voltage and act as a ballast.
In addition to the throttle of the EMPRA circuit includes starters (one or two). Obvious dependence of the quality of their performance and durability of the lamp, ie. K. A starter defect causes a false start, which means that an overcurrent on the filament yarns.
It looks like one of the design options for the starter solenoid module ballast fluorescent lamps. There are many other designs where there is a difference in size, materials, housing
Along with the unreliability of the starter start, fluorescent lamps suffer from the gating effect. It is manifested in the form of flickering at a specific frequency, close to 50 Hz.
Finally, the ballast provides significant energy losses, that is, in general, reduces the efficiency of fluorescent lamp types.
Improvements to the design of electronic ballasts
Since the 1990s, the scheme fluorescent lamps have been increasingly complement the ballast module improved design.
The basis of the upgraded module constituted semiconductor electronic components. Accordingly, the reduced dimensions of the device, and performance noted at a higher level.
The result of the modification of the electromagnetic regulators - electronic semiconductor device startup and adjustment glow fluorescent lamps. From a technical standpoint, have higher performance characteristics
The introduction of semiconductor electronic ballasts lead to virtually complete elimination of the disadvantages which are present in the Machine obsolete format.
The electronic modules are show-quality stable jobs and increase the durability of fluorescent lamps.
Higher efficiency, smooth brightness control, increased power factor - all this advantageous new indicators ballasts modules.
What is the device?
The main constituent elements of the electronic module circuit are:
- rectifying device;
- electromagnetic radiation filter;
- power factor corrector;
- voltage smoothing filter;
- inverter circuit;
- throttle element.
The circuit provides for the construction of one of the two variations - a bridge or half-bridge. Constructs wherein the bridge circuit is used, usually work with the support of high power lamps.
Approximately such light devices (output power of 100 watt) ballasts designed modules, executed in a bridge circuit. Which, in addition to support power has a positive effect on the characteristics of the supply voltage
Meanwhile, mainly composed of fluorescent lamps operated modules built on the basis of the half-bridge circuit.
Such devices on the market are more common than with bridge, t. To. For traditional use enough lamps to 50 watts.
Features of the apparatus
Conventionally, the electronics operation can be divided into three working stages. The first step function is activated preheat the filament, which is an important point in terms of durability of the light gas appliances.
Especially necessary this function is seen in low-temperature environments.
Type of work e-card of one of the models of the ballast module to the semiconductor elements. This small lightweight board is fully replaces the functionality of a massive throttle and adds a number of improved properties
Then the circuit module feature starts generating high voltage pulse impedance - voltage level of approximately 1.5 kV.
The presence of such a voltage value between the electrodes is inevitably accompanied by a breakdown of the gas medium of the fluorescent lamp bulb - ignition of the lamp.
Finally, the third stage is connected work module circuit whose main function is to provide a stabilized voltage of combustion gas in the cylinder.
The voltage level in this case is relatively low, which ensures low power consumption.
Schematic diagram puskoregulyatora
As already mentioned, is a frequently used design ballasts module assembled half-bridge push-pull circuit.
Schematic diagram of the half bridge devices starting and adjusting parameters of fluorescent lamps. However, this is not the only schematic, which are used for the manufacture of electronic ballasts
Such a scheme works in the following sequence:
- Mains voltage of 220V is supplied to a diode bridge and filter.
- At the filter output is formed into a constant voltage 300-310V.
- Inverter frequency voltage module is incremented.
- The inverter voltage passes on balun.
- On the transformer due to the necessary control keys generated operating voltage to the fluorescent lamp.
Keys control circuit installed in the two sections of the primary and secondary winding, regulate the required power.
Therefore, the secondary winding is formed by the potential for each phase of the lamp. For example, when heating a filament in the other current mode.
Consider the schematic diagram of the half-bridge electronic ballast for lamps of 30 watts. Here, the line voltage is rectified by the assembly of four diodes.
The rectified voltage from the diode bridge reaches the condenser where the amplitude is smoothed, filtered by harmonics.
The performance of the scheme affects the right choice of electronic components. Normal operation is characterized by the current parameter to the positive terminal of the capacitor C1. The pulse duration is determined by the lamp ignition capacitor C4
Further, by inverting circuit part assembled on two key transistors (half-bridge) voltage received from the network with a frequency of 50 Hz is converted into a potential higher frequency - from 20 kHz.
It is served already in the fluorescent lamp terminals for the operating mode.
Approximately the same principle is valid bridge circuit. The only difference is that it uses no two inverters and four key transistor. Accordingly, the circuit is somewhat complicated, additional elements are added.
The node of the inverter circuit assembled in a bridge circuit. Here in the assembly work does not involve two and four core transistor. And often preferred semiconductor elements of the field structure. In the diagram: VT1... VT4 - transistors; Tp - current transformer; Un, Un - converters
Meanwhile, it is the bridge assembly embodiment enables connection of a large number of lamps (more than two) in one ballast. Typically, devices, collected in a bridge circuit, designed for the load power of 100 watts and above.
Connection options for fluorescent lamps
Depending on the circuit design used in the design of electronic control devices, connectivity options can be very different.
If one device model supports, for example, to connect a lamp, a different model can support simultaneous operation already four lamps.
The simplest embodiment of the power through the electromagnetic ballast lamp element: 1 - the filament; 2 - starter; 3 - glass bulb; 4 - throttle; L - phase power line; N - zero line
The simplest embodiment is seen connecting with an electromagnetic device, wherein the main elements of the circuit are merely throttle and a starter.
Here, the network interface phase line is connected to one of two terminals of the choke, and the neutral wire is supplied to one terminal of the fluorescent lamp.
The phase on the smoothed throttle is moved away from its second terminal and is connected to the second (opposite) terminal.
The remaining free two more lamps terminals are connected to an outlet of a starter. Here, in fact, the entire scheme, which until the advent of electronic ballasts semiconductor models used everywhere.
Connection option of two fluorescent lamps in one reactor: 1 - filter capacitor; 2 - choke, power equal to the power of two light devices; 3, 4 - lamp; 5.6 - starters starting; L - phase power line; N - zero line
On the basis of the same schematics implemented solution connecting two fluorescent lamps, a single reactor and two starters. It is true in this case is required to select the throttle power, based on the total power of gas lamps.
Throttle circuit option can be modified in order to eliminate the defect sampling. He quite often is to luminaires with electromagnetic ballasts.
Refinement followed by addition of a diode bridge circuit which is included downstream of the restriction.
Connection to the electronic modules
Connection options for fluorescent lamps electronic modules are slightly different. Each electronic control unit has input terminals for supplying AC voltage and output terminals to the load.
Depending on the configuration of electronic ballasts, connects one or more lamps. Typically, any power unit housing, designed to connect the corresponding number of lamps, there is a schematic wiring diagram.
How to connect the fluorescent lamps to the device start-up and control, acting on the semiconductor elements 1 - an interface to the network and the earth; 2 - interface for lamps; 3.4 - lights; L - phase power line; N - the zero line; 1... 6 - contact interface
In the scheme above, for example, provides a maximum power of two fluorescent lamps, as used in the circuit model of two-lamp ballast.
Two interfaces of the device are designed as follows: one to connect the supply voltage and the ground wire, and the second for the connection of lamps. This option is also in a series of simple solutions.
A similar device, but already calculated for the four lamps, characterized by having an increased number of terminals on the load connection interface. Network interface and the ground connection line remain unchanged.
Pin connection according chetyrehlampovomu embodiment. As a starting and control device is also used by the semiconductor electronic ballasts. In Scheme 1... 10 - contact interface start control device and
However, along with simple devices - single, double, chetyrehlampovymi - meet ballasts design schematics of which involves the use of control functions glow fluorescent lamps help.
This so-called continuous control model. Recommended learn more about the principle of power regulator lighting.
What is different from similar devices already considered devices? In that in addition to the network load and equipped with an interface for connecting another control voltage whose level is generally 1-10 volts DC.
Chetyrehlampovaya configuration with the ability to continuously adjust the brightness: 1 - mode switch; 2 - contacts for supplying a control voltage; 3 - an earthing contact; 4, 5, 6, 7 - the fluorescent lamp; L - phase power line; N - the zero line; 1... 20 - contact interface starting and control device
Thus, a variety of configurations electronic control module allows you to organize a system of lighting at various levels. This refers not only to the power level and coverage areas, but also the management level.
Conclusions and useful videos on the topic
Footage made by an electrician practice, talks and shows - a unit of the two should be recognized by the end user better and more practical.
This story proves once again that simple solutions seem reliable and durable:
Meanwhile, the electronic ballast continues to improve. On the market from time to time there are new models of such devices. Electronic design is also not without drawbacks, but in comparison with electromagnetic variations, clearly show the best technical and operational quality.
You understand the issues the operating principle and wiring diagrams of electronic ballasts and want to supplement the above material personal observations? Or want to share helpful advice on the nuances of repair, replacement, or select a ballast? Please write your comments to this entry in the box below.
