Furnace fuel: characteristics, types, conditions of transportation and storage

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Contents

  1. From what and how produce heating oil?
  2. Main characteristics and types of
  3. Use and storage areas of

The need for an alternative type of fuel that would be a worthy substitute for gasoline, kerosene and diesel, has been around for a long time. Scientists around the world have been working on this problem for decades. Oven fuel appeared by and large recently, but has already managed to gain immense popularity. Its scope is difficult to call broad, however, for heating residential and commercial premises it is used everywhere. The main advantages of heating oil in comparison with the main types are high calorific value and low cost.

From what and how produce heating oil?

Furnace fuel is produced from diesel fractions from secondary distillation. This is due to the low cost of production, since the purchase of raw materials in modern realities can be very cheap. Also, the production can be used waste oil, which already has all the necessary properties, and therefore, requires minimal processing.

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If was used as the basis for the production of , then produces dark heating oil, which has specific properties. For example, it has a very low flash point, so it needs the addition of additives synthesized from ethylene and vinyl acetate. Most often, this fuel is used in stationary heating systems.

Today fuel oil, a viscous dark brown liquid, often acts as a heating oil. The properties of this type of fuel depends largely on the oil from which it was produced. Unlike the previous type, this type of heating oil is often used in the operation of boiler plants and vessels. Much less often, nigrol is used as a stove fuel, which in itself is mainly used for lubricating the mechanical units of a car.

oven fuel is manufactured by on special high-tech equipment that allows you to manually adjust the properties and performance. The whole process should be supervised by highly qualified personnel. This is one of the main conditions for obtaining a high quality product. After production, the fuel must be stored in special sealed tanks so that it does not evaporate and does not lose its useful properties. Usually, small cylinders or barrels are used for this.

Summarizing, we can say that heating oil is very similar to diesel, but still some of the characteristics are different. Thus, the furnace fuel contains many impurities, as well as organic compounds( except for the hydrocarbons themselves, which determine the composition of this liquid).Due to the fact that now there are no clear requirements for the composition of heating oil, its production is inexpensive, and the fuel itself is ultimately one of the cheapest at the moment.

Other advantages of heating oil include the absence of any specific smell during burning, which is inherent in many other types of petroleum products. It is also worth noting the low freezing point, which in some cases reaches -28 ° C, which significantly expands the scope of application of this type of fuel. Good fluidity, high efficiency, calorific value and economy are the advantages that provide the furnace fuel with wide distribution and the possibility of its use in various fields.

Main characteristics and types of

The main characteristics of heating oil are : coking ability, acidity, ash content, kinematic viscosity, flash point, density. It is on them that the buyer is recommended to pay attention first of all when choosing fuel for a heating installation on a particular object. From its correctness depends on the effectiveness of the future use of fuel.

Thus, the kinematic viscosity of the fuel should not exceed 8 mm2 / s, and the flash point should be at least 45 ° C so that it does not ignite during transport. The maximum value of the ash parameter is 0.2%.As for the density, cetane and iodine numbers, which are important parameters for any fuel, in this case they are not normalized.

can be classified into different types of by a number of indicators. So, today the following brands are distinguished :

  • is heavy;
  • average;
  • easy.

Compliance with a particular brand is determined by a number of indicators, including the combustion temperature, viscosity, pour point, as well as the heat capacity and the presence of impurities.

Depending on how much sulfur as an impurity is part of the fuel , it can be:

  • low-sulfur( some sulfur does not exceed 0.5%);
  • is sulfurous( part of sulfur is 0.5-1.1%).

In addition, heating oil can also be dark and light:

  • dark fuel is mainly used for domestic purposes. It is great when you need to heat a small house or utility room, and is also used in small power plants. Dark heating oil is considered a direct alternative to gas, because it has a whole range of advantages. So, first of all, it is very economical and effective due to the fact that it has a high caloric content, and it takes a little to achieve a certain temperature. If diesel fuel, fuel oil, used engine oil, benzene and water are used in production in well-defined proportions, heat transfer rates significantly increase, reaching record values. It is worth adding to all these advantages that this type of fuel has a low freezing point: even at -15 ° C it remains in a normal state. Well, the main plus of dark fuel is its low price;
  • light fuel can also be used in residential buildings, but is more applicable in industrial environments: large generators can work on it, it can also be used in agriculture. This area of ​​distribution of light fuel is due to its increased heat transfer, which allows, for example, to abandon the diesel when heating large residential premises and use light heating oil.

Since light fuel has much higher and attractive performance, now manufacturers often use the process of clarifying dark fuel .A special technology is used in which the amount of sulfur in the fuel is reduced using extragen. They get rid of aromatic hydrocarbons much less frequently, since this is an expensive process and costs even more than the fuel itself.

The use and storage of

As it has already become clear, heating oil has a relatively wide range of for .Its main purpose is to use in the heating system of private houses and production sites, where small and medium heating installations are used. Often, heating oil is used in country houses and in country houses, where it is impossible to connect a gas pipeline. Also, the demand for heating oil is among small boiler houses and agricultural enterprises. For example, a part of granaries, vegetable warehouses and livestock pens are constantly growing, which are heated in exactly the same way.

Today in our country there are many companies and enterprises that are engaged in the manufacture and sale of various brands of heating oil. Today, in virtually any city, you can choose for yourself one or another option. After purchasing it, must be stored under certain conditions: : away from ultraviolet radiation, at medium humidity. Also, it should be protected from extremely low and high temperatures. This will preserve the key properties that will be needed for high-quality heating of residential premises and outbuildings.

With transportation , as well as with storage, also special difficulties do not arise. Usually, heating oil is transported in tank trucks, tank trucks and even barrels using rail or road transport. Tanks should have a hole at the bottom for convenient fuel discharge, as well as a pressure control system, so as not to compromise safety. If you need to carry a small amount of fuel, you can even use cans, but they must be made of metal or polymeric materials. By the way, during transportation, it is recommended not to fill the container completely, leaving about 5% of the total volume free.

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