Where and when it is better to drill a well on the land: expert advice drillers

In your home there is no central water supply in view of what you are thinking about water wells? But due to lack of experience in this area you do not know where in the area to arrange water intake, and when it is better to drill? I agree that all these questions are very important: on the answer to them depends on the performance of future water source.

We'll help you find the right answers. After independently determine the optimal location is not too difficult if you have the necessary knowledge and take into account the features of the site. This article contains general rules and regulations to be followed when choosing a place under the well. And also consider a variety of ways to search for groundwater.

So you can choose the best time for the drilling, we provide tips and expert advice in the industry, providing information photos and videos that allow to visualize the entire process.

to the well-site requirements

When selecting a location for drilling based on many factors, geological features of the site, it relief, the effect of hydrological factors, the location of the other objects of economic activity.

Additionally important is the convenience of the location of the future water source, Which will continue to operate it without any problems.

The chosen location for the well must meet the following requirements:

• the presence of the aquifer;
• convenient location for water intake;
• possibility of the water supply;
• ensuring the entrance of the drilling machine and other equipment for the maintenance of the well;
• compliance with health standards;
• lack of transmission lines lines of underground utilities.

Also on the stage of site selection for the well should think about how to connect the pump equipment, ie take into account the presence of power lines. If in the future you are planning to lay a surface water supply from wells, it is desirable to bias the site does not exceed 35º.

Sanitary norms and regulations

Sanitary norms applicable to the place of aquifer wells location, described in documents SanPiN № 2.1.4.110-02. Of course, first of all, the document comes to large water intakes providing water settlements or individual businesses and regions.

However, when applying the private well on your own site is recommended to adhere to health standards.

In accordance with regulations SanPin minimum distance from the source to the intake of residential building is 30 m for protected groundwater, and 50 m for unprotected groundwater. It is understood that comply with these standards can not be in a private building.

Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the following rules:

1. Directly beside the well in the area the size of a minimum of 4x4 meters should be no residential and commercial buildings.
2. Within a radius of at least 300 m must not be located in the industrial enterprises, major roads, landfills, animal burial, cemetery.
3. The radius of at least 20 m must not be vegetable crops, of which the watering using chemical fertilizers.
4. The well should be as far from cesspools, septic sewage, compost heaps and similar objects. This applies not only to the probable sources of pollution located on your site, but also in the neighborhood.

Ensure full compliance with these rules, even almost impossible, so if the water from the well will be used not only for irrigation, but also for drinking purposes it is necessary to take care of her cleansing. Also in this situation can be drilled deeper wells artesian type.

Selecting the drilling for the water source

When choosing a location for drilling crucial presence aquifers. That many factors will depend on the depth of their occurrence: footage production, drilling method, the need for cementing and filter devices, etc.

Let us consider what kinds of groundwater can serve as water source for household needs and how to determine their depth.

Consider the four types of groundwater that can be a source of water supply in your area:

1. perched -. Upper aquifer at a depth of up to 3-4 m Content provided due to rainwater and melted, so a high degree of contamination is different. Use such water for drinking and watering animals is prohibited, you can use this water for watering plants. In times of drought and winter perched may simply disappear, so drilling before they ever spend.
2. Groundwater at a depth of not more than 10 m. Such water-bearing layer is formed due to the fact that below it are gidroupornye primers that prevent seeping waters down. Ground water does not dry out even in times of drought. The quality of water is high enough, the presence of filtration systems and their compliance with sanitary norms in most cases can be used for drinking.
3. Mizhplastovi non-pressure water. It lies at a depth of 10 to 110 m between two waterproof layers. Layers may have a different structure and water permeability, for example, the top can be a sandy loam, and bottom - loam. Water quality - are usually high, it depends on the specific characteristics of the site. Wells drilled into mizhplastovi water, most often found in private households.
4. artesian water. Located at a depth of 40-110 m below. Despite the fact that water from an artesian well clean and suitable for drinking, for drilling a wellbore is achieved not every site owner. To open the aquifer site must pass a considerable thickness of the rock, which is very time-consuming process.

In addition, the device will need to receive the package permits. The fact is that artesian well devices must be harmonized with the village administration and compliance with applicable laws, including Federal Law "On Subsoil".

Visual search methods of groundwater

All the methods used by experts to determine the depth of the aquifer is based on the experience the centuries-old experience and observations, as well as properties that have underground water and their impact on the environment Wednesday.

Best Mode when using complex methods described below, as despite the high reliability, none of the methods does not give 100% guarantee.

Method # 1 - in the area vegetation

Determine the level of occurrence perched on your site will help the study of naturally occurring vegetation. Pay attention to those plants which, even in the driest period remain green and lush.

Estimated value of the depth of the groundwater on the plant species:

• and cattail bulrush, sedge - 1-3 m;
• black poplar - 1-3 m;
• wormwood - 3-6 m;
• Alfalfa - 10-15 m.

At shallow aquifer indicate trees such as cedar, willow, alder, birch. But the presence of the pine trees in front of the site, said that the underground water table is deep enough. If well is drilled for economic purposes, The site with similar vegetation is quite suitable.

Please note that annual plants are not indicators of a bedding depth aquifer, since they have a short root system and receive the necessary moisture from natural rainfall, dew or perched.

Method # 2 - terrain in the plot area

In most cases, the aquifer repeats ground terrain. That is why the place for drilling is best to choose the reduction zone, because that's where the water will be closest to the surface. Also, the presence of the aquifer is said longitudinal edges on the site, but notice their inexperienced look pretty hard.

Despite the fact that the depressions for drilling preferable to drill the well in wetlands can not be due to the fact that in the case of depressurization barrel generation of very poor quality water will flow into the well from the surface, while constantly flooding the pit.

Also, the choice of location water wells It depends on the soil characteristics: it is desirable to drill in a place where the ground can best be developed. In this case, sand, loam and sandy loam significantly preferred over rocks.

Method # 3 - the next impact of reservoirs

If the radius of 300-500 m from your site is a natural body of water (lake or river), the more likely the aquifer will be located anywhere in the area. In this case the rule: the closer to a natural body of water, the higher will be abundantly aquifer.

Considering the distance portion from the natural reservoir, not forget to take into account such factors as drain it in sewage or industrial waste. In this case, the presence of a number of lakes or rivers will be more negative phenomenon than positive.

This is especially true of sandy soils that have high filtration performance, and if the dirt on the way to your site is likely to filter out. But the harmful chemical compounds likely fall into the groundwater and from there into the target hole.

Argillaceous rocks have poor filtration characteristics, so the distance between the source of pollution and generation of water intake may be somewhat reduced. Apparatus for borehole sand interlayer overlying between clay soils, possible.

Method # 4 - folk omens and surveillance

There are folk omens, which were used by our ancestors during Search groundwater. These signs include the abundance of morning dew on a certain territory, as well as the accumulation of the evening haze. Such phenomena are more likely to say that the water table is located close to the surface.

Also on the water table depth, you can make a prediction by studying the behavior of animals in hot weather. Dogs do not like to lie, where the aquifer comes close to the surface of the earth, but the cat on the contrary, are selected places for your entertainment.

Shallow depth of occurrence of water attracts insects, they swarm over this place during and after sunset. But rodents and ants stay away from such places, preferring drier soil.

Of course, rely on national signs is not necessary, but to consider them in conjunction with other features will not be superfluous. Taking advantage of people's tips, you can determine the location of the device Abyssinian well.

Empirical research methods groundwater

These methods include a variety of methods, which have proven themselves in the search for groundwater in areas of various types. For implementation of these methods require special equipment, carrying out measurement and analysis of the information received.

Despite the high accuracy, these methods do not give a 100% guarantee, but they can safely be considered valid in conjunction with the visual signs.

Method # 1 - use the clay pot

An ancient method, which was used by our ancestors to find underground water. The operating principle of this method is as follows: Dry clay taken pot and at night is set to the intended location of the aquifer.

If a day inside the pot misted and its wall becoming wet, then it was concluded that the water is close to the ground surface.

This method can be used in a dry warm weather. For more accurate results, use a few clay pots, comparing them condition after day, a pot most humid inside, the place and the depth of the aquifer location layer less.

Method # 2 - use of silica gel

Silica gel - synthetic polymeric substance capable of absorbing moisture from the environment. Before use, carefully dried substance if it was stored in the open state. The silica gel was placed in a bag made of natural tissue, and weighed, it is sufficient to take 100-300 c.

Thereafter, the bag (or a bag) is instilled at points where accommodation hole aquifer at a depth of 0.8-1 m. After one day, bags of silica gel are dug out and weighed.

In place of the largest water-saturated gel will absorb the greatest amount of moisture that will be reflected in its title, it will increase by 1.5-3 times. The greater the weight gain, the closer overlies the aquifer towards the surface.

Instead of silica gel desiccant can be used any, e.g., pre-dried and crushed clay brick.

Method # 3 - electrical sounding

To search groundwater by this method requires a special apparatus. Make a search on their own, in this case it is impossible, it is necessary to contact the professionals, however, and the accuracy of the method is very high.

The principle of operation is as follows:

• at different points in plot soil resistivity measurements are made;
• as a result of studies determined the aquifer.

Groundwater is fixed at the point where the readings are between 50 and 200 ohms. The method is not suitable if there is in the area of ​​underground utilities, steel, since devices will give unreliable results.

Method # 4 - search frame

dowsing method - the most famous and at the same time controversial way. Some experts believe it effective and science-based and the other is called quackery. However, it documented many cases where using a dowsing groundwater were found.

To implement this method, you need to prepare the frame of the aluminum wire 50 cm long. wire ends are bent at right angles. The frame is inserted into a branch of viburnum, hazel or elder.

Next, the following will occur:

1. With the help of the compass are determined by the compass and mark them on the site.
2. Slowly cross section from north to south and then from east to west, holding the dowsing rods in their hands.
3. In the place of occurrence of the aquifer frame will move.
4. Moving in different directions and watching the movement of the frame, determine the direction of the water-bearing veins.

Using the framework is based on the action of magnetic fields, so this method is not suitable if the ground area It contains a large amount of iron ore or near a radar aerial, which distort the data biolokatora-frame.

All the methods discussed above are widely used to search for the aquifer and to determine the place shallow drilling or Abyssinian well. However, as has been said, is not one of them does not guarantee that the start of drilling, you will meet the groundwater at the proposed depth.

Is there a way to define in one place or another horizon of groundwater? Is it possible to accurately determine the depth of the water-bearing veins? Yes, if you use the method of exploration drilling.

A reliable method of searching exploration drilling

The most reliable way to avoid annoying errors, is to seek official information about the hydrogeological environment area. Get the data can be in a local drilling company, or weather service, has all the characteristics of the geological and climatic specifics of the region.

manual mode, which does not require a financial outlay can be used for the implementation of self-exploration. Prior to drilling is necessary to prepare the required tools: hand drill, shovel, and take care of the place of storage at the elevated surface of the ground.

This method is suitable for soft soils, which are amenable to drilling with a hand drill. For a more dense rock drillers will have to call and apply more serious equipment.

Advantages of exploratory drilling:

• 100% of the search results and determine the depth of groundwater;
• opportunity to assess the groundwater;
• opportunity to make an accurate calculation of the cost of drilling.

The exploration well tend to be arranged in the place chosen for the organization of the water intake. Those. especially for private owners to carry out exploration, no one will - it is expensive, because have to pay for each meter drilled at the usual tariff, and pointless.

If the well at a depth suitable for use without water, it belongs to the category of exploratory and just fall asleep extracted during drilling ground. On this site will no longer no one bore - it is useless. If the well penetrated the aquifer, just equips source and constructing a water pipe water intake on the basis of production.

Unsuitable places for wells

The main condition for wellbore device at the site is the presence of an aquifer. However, even when it is satisfied in some cases well drilling impossible.

Signs of unfitness for the location of the well are:

• the presence in the immediate vicinity of sources of groundwater contamination;
• place next to the sewer system and wastewater;
• location near ecologically unfavorable natural reservoirs;
• the close proximity of power lines and laying of underground utilities on site;
• trees with an extensive root system.

Particular attention should be paid to the observance of sanitary norms in their violation of the well drilling may be made. Also, do not have the hole next to the fence neighbor's plot, because you can not predict what will build a neighbor on his own land in the immediate vicinity of your water source.

The well in the cellar

Many homeowners consider the well location in basement ideal option.

Indeed, if the aquifer runs just in the area where is located, or the house will be built, then this option will have many advantages:

• a considerable simplification and cheapening the process of plumbing device from the wellbore;
• shortest route running water;
• no need for insulation in the construction of the caisson.

If desired, arrange water intake within the home, you need to drill a hole at a construction site before the construction of the foundation. Optimally - reflected in the draft Housing presence of aquifer wells in the cellar.

Disadvantages location aquifer wells in the basement:

• requires sufficient space;
• difficulties with the installation of pumping equipment due to the inaccessibility of the well;
• problems during washing with tap impurities;
• the possibility of erosion of the soil around the water source and the threat of subsidence of the foundation of the house.

Between the end of the drilling and the start of construction of the foundation must be at least 1 month. This time is needed to identify and resolve all problems related to the operation of the well.

Note that around the well should be left enough space for its maintenance or repair. The minimum size of the area for the maintenance of 3x4 meters.

The optimal time for drilling

Having solved the question of where best to drill the well water-bearing is necessary to determine where to drill. Experts believe that every season has its pros and cons for the drilling operations. The one thing they agree unanimously: it is impossible to drill a well in the spring.

Several reasons for this:

• the presence of high water increases the level of groundwater;
• it is impossible to reliably determine the location and depth of the aquifer;
• spring thaw complicate passage of drilling equipment.

In most regions of Russia it is impossible to drill wells from March to May in northern areas from April until mid-June. In arid regions is also not recommended drilling work in the spring, even in the absence of floods, in this case, the ground water is still unstable, their level is significantly elevated.

Summer and autumn

The best time for the device well - from July to September. At this time, the level is perched on the lowest level, which means that you can accurately determine the optimal horizon for future wells.

Also, the advantages of drilling operations in the summer-autumn period are:

• and dry soil resistance;
• possibility of entrance of special equipment;
• a comfortable temperature for the drilling operations.

Many site owners prefer to start work on the device well in the autumn after the harvest, buses that do not damage the landing, and during washing wells of cultures not occurred flooding pollution.

Planning device well in the period of August-early September, please note that at this time the company producing drilling busy, so it is necessary to agree on the date in advance.

Drilling in winter

Winter - the perfect time for drilling artesian wells and sand to the water table. In this case, wrong determination aquifer risk of error is minimized, since It does not interfere perched water table level.

Modern technology easily handles promorzshim ground, with a minimum of harm to the relief of your site.

Washing the well to do it is necessary to perform it, not only for pumping muddy water. Collapse during drilling soil can clog the pump and immediately disable it. Because the bleed selected cheap vibrating machines such as Brook, Which are not sorry to part at once.

An important factor: in the winter the number of customers in-drillers firms reduced, and thus reducing the cost of drilling.

Conclusions and useful videos on the topic

Clip # 1. The choice of drilling locations aquifer wells on the site:

Clip # 2. The practical application of the method in finding water dowsing:

Clip # 3. Movie about self-exploration drilling primitive way:

Choosing the right location for the device well - it is an important event, which will determine the future operation of water utility systems in your area and homes.

It is mandatory to take into account the sanitary norms, the location of the foundation. It is advisable where possible to reduce the outer track running water, if it is assumed the system automation.

Willing to share their experience in the determination of the optimal location for the intake device in the suburban area invite comments. If the information offered there were contentious issues, ask questions. Comment, please, located in the block below.