Today there are numerous courses of cutting and sewing, which indicates the popularity of such seemingly obsolete devices as sewing machines. Since this equipment is actively used, it means that repairing sewing machines by oneself is quite an actual topic, which is of interest to a very large number of people.

Troubleshooting and complete repair of sewing machines is a very difficult process that requires certain skills, knowledge and experience. Therefore, you need to adhere to certain rules that will extend the operational life of equipment and get rid of all sorts of problems in the future.

Basic rules for operating a sewing machine

The basic rules for operating a sewing machine include:

• arrangement of equipment in a dry room, as far as possible from the heating system;
• the right choice of needles and threads. The latter may differ in thickness and are marked with special numbers;
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• Before starting the sewing process, the needle and the yarn guide must always be in the upper position;
• If the machine does not help to pull the matter by hand, it will lead to problems with the needle;
• after the end of sewing, it is necessary to raise the presser foot, stretch the fabric (back, left), then cut the thread, providing a free end, 5-7 cm long. Then you need to put a rag under the foot, after which you can lower the foot with the needle down.

Problems with work

The neglect of the above rules and the poor quality of the materials and equipment used leads to a variety of problems. The most popular of them are described below.

One of the most common problems is the breakage of the thread (top or bottom). The problem with the upper thread can occur when the needle is incorrectly installed or the needle and thread numbers do not match. Also, the reason may be a curved needle or excessive thread tension. In addition to the above causes of problems with the upper thread, the lower thread can break off in the result of the leveling, the presence of the burr threads and the incorrect winding of the thread. Violation of the rules of thread direction, its weak tension and discrepancy between the thread and the needle often leads to the formation of loops.

If the fabric does not move during sewing. In this case, check the position of the teeth. They can be too omitted or, conversely, zadranny. Also, attention needs space under the needle plate, where dust can collect.

Another popular problem when working with a sewing machine is the cutting of the fabric. Get rid of this, a very unpleasant problem you can yourself. To do this, reduce the pressure of the presser foot or check the needle. It should not be too thick and be firmly fixed. Also, the fabric can tear because of the burrs on the teeth, which can easily be filed with a file.

At "typing" the material, most likely, there are problems with the tension of the upper or lower thread. In addition, this may be a result of incorrect pressing of the foot or its development.

If the machine is poorly lubricated, the seamstress can feel the heavy running of the machine. At a high temperature in the room, the lubricant can simply empty. "Deceleration" of the machine is the consequence of winding the threads between the flywheel and the bushing.

A serious problem is the tap of a sewing machine

The above-described problems are very easily eliminated, the main thing is to correctly and correctly determine the cause. However, during the operation of the sewing machine, more serious breakages occur. In this case, in order to repair the machine, it will take a lot of effort and good orientation in its design.

The most common serious breakdown is the appearance in the sewing machine of a characteristic knock. The reason for the knock is the clearance between the bushings of the main shaft of the device. Identify the gap is simple: you need to pull the flywheel in the axial direction of the machine.

To fix the sewing machine, it is necessary to disassemble it. The sequence of work is as follows:

• if available, the manual drive is removed;
• A screw is twisted from the nut, which serves as a stopper. With difficult twisting, you need to use a special L-shaped plate;
• the flywheel is removed;
• the cone bobbin is removed;
• the bushing is removed from the main shaft. Here it is necessary to remember the exact location, in order then to correctly assemble the device;
• A washer is put on the shaft. It can be cut from the can.

After the reciprocal assembly of the mechanism with respect to the relative location of the bushing and the shaft, the bobbin becomes in its place and the rotation of the shaft is checked. If you feel some effort during the rotation, you can not deepen the bobbin. Then the residues are cut off. In practice, one washer is sufficient, but there are cases where several washers are used to eliminate the gap.

In addition, a tapping in the sewing machine can occur when the rack bar hits the needle plate. To repair the machine (get rid of the knock), you just need to expand the rail by 180 degrees.

The reason for the presence of a knock in the shuttle is an increased gap between the hook and forks. Here it is necessary to check the operability of the end of the plate equipped with a pusher. It happens that this element is completely absent.

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Needle - the key element

The operating cycle of the sewing needle is measured by tens of thousands of punctures. Naturally, over time its point begins to dull, the needle itself begins to bend. Sometimes the whole repair of the sewing machine is to replace this element. It should be noted that it is impossible to fix a needle, and it is inappropriate. It is necessary to approach the replacement of the needle very responsibly, since it directly affects the operability of all equipment. By correctly setting the needle into the needle-holder, its position is understood when its blade is located on the side of the shuttle nose. Also, the absence of a variety of backlashes and sagging of the needle is very important, so it must be firmly fixed.

It is very important to select a needle correctly for a specific kind of tissue. Correctly selected shape of the point significantly facilitates the passage of the thread through the fabric. This avoids skipping in the line and other problems during sewing.