Frost-resistant shrubs for Siberia: we make a living hedgeWhen the soil under the vineyard and between the rows is cultivated, it is not loosened, but abundantly mulched. Prophylactic treatment of grapes from diseases and pests is carried out in dry weather with the same preparations, when 4–5 young leaves appear on the plant.
The timing of further spraying depends on the weather conditions and the well-being of the plants. Two weeks before flowering, if there is no rain, the bushes should be subjected to preventive treatment, and it is important to capture not only the outer sides of the leaves and shoots, but also ensure that the preparations get into the depths of the crown. The period when it is possible to spray the grapes that have gathered the ovary ends three weeks before the harvest.
Feeding Grapes
During the growing season, the need of the grapes for certain nutrients and elements changes. This should be taken into account when applying fertilizers for fruiting plants.
Like other cultivated plants, the vineyard needs:
- with nitrogen needed to gain green mass and ensure good annual growth;
- in potassium and phosphorus, without which vine ripening, the ripening of high-quality healthy berries and the preparation of the plant for wintering are impossible.
As it becomes clear from the video, the care of grapes in spring and summer is impossible without the regular introduction of well-chosen fertilizers. Annual grape plants are fed twice a year:
- When green shoots grow to a height of 10–15 cm, a nitrophosphate solution is applied to the roots, at the rate of 16–18 grams per 10 liters of water.
- In July or August, the feeding of grapes includes 20 grams of superphosphate and 12 grams of potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water.
The shrubs that entered fruiting time are fertilized up to three times per season:
- The first dressing is in the middle of May. When until flowering about two weeks. At this time, plants receive a portion of nitrogen fertilizers, whether organic or ammonium nitrate, 10 liters of solution or infusion are applied under the shrub.
- The second time the grapes are fed during the formation of the ovary and its enhanced growth. The composition of fertilizers in this case, in addition to nitrogen, include phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 3: 2: 1, respectively. On the bush take about 30 grams of the mixture and dissolved in a bucket of water.
- The third top dressing of grapes is carried out from mid-July to mid-August, when the berries begin to pick up color, and consists of 50–75 grams of superphosphate and half the amount of potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water.
If organics is introduced under the grapes in autumn, then during spring feeding, it is better for two to reduce the amount of this fertilizer. How to apply fertilizer under a bush, and how to care for grapes, so that the benefits of fertilizing are maximum? Practice shows that nutrient solutions most quickly get to the roots if fertilizers are applied in the root circle with a radius of about a meter, and through holes drilled to a depth of 40–50 cm. The same method has proven itself well for watering grapes.
Read also: Planting and caring for girlish grapes at the dacha
Vineing
Watering while caring for grapes in the first year of planting depends on whether or not the soil is under the crown.
- Moisture covered soil two weeks after planting. And then the frequency of watering depends on the condition of the soil.
- Open ground is more demanding for watering. Until mid-July, the plant is moistened weekly, pouring from 0.5 to 1 buckets of water under a bush. Then watering the grapes is reduced or completely stopped so that the seedling can prepare for wintering.
Perennial grape bushes are sensitive to drying out of the soil:
- in spring, when plants are only freed from winter shelters;
- in May, before flowering and after it;
- in July, when the berries start pouring and preparing for their ripening.
Watering grapes is often combined with dressings, using equipped holes in the ground or drip irrigation systems.
The grape shelter for the winter and protection from spring frost
In different regions, the same grape variety can tolerate the winter in different ways and acclimatize in the spring.
- In the middle lane, varieties that withstand temperatures below 32 ° C do not require cover.
- In the south of the country, protection is not required for plants experiencing -25 ° C.
But this applies only to adult grape bushes, and the care of grapes in the first year after planting necessarily provides shelter for seedlings. Most often this occurs in late October or early November. If tightened with this operation, the wood of the grapes loses its elasticity and is difficult to lay.
For the shelter of the vine, you can use any suitable materials, ranging from soil between the rows. To do this, the shoots are laid in a trench previously dug onto a bayonet, pinned to the soil and sprinkled with soil.
In addition to the soil, the vine laid on the ground is insulated with a double layer of film or special covering material, lapnik and needles, corrugated cardboard, roofing felt and tarpaulin. Fallen snow becomes additional protection.
If protection of bushes from winter frosts from gardeners does not cause difficulties, then how to care for grapes, which are threatened by spring frosts? In this case can help:
- shelter with rags, straw, hay, spruce branches and nonwovens;
- smoke using sawdust, dry foliage, pine needles, shavings and manure on the leeward side;
- watering between rows.
In case of an unfavorable forecast of 10–14 days, spring spraying of grapes with a solution of iron sulphate can delay the exit of the eyes from hibernation.
Grape Care - Video
