Living in the country can not only relax from the bustle of the city, but also to enjoy nature, clean air, to find peace. But so that nothing would prevent proper rest, it is necessary to take care of arranging the benefits of civilization - running water, electricity and sewage, shouldn’t it?
Are you trying to figure out how to choose a septic tank to give, so as not to overpay and miscalculate? We will help you in this matter - in our article the types of septic tanks, their structural and functional differences are considered. After all, to select the optimal utilizer, it is desirable to get acquainted with the existing options.
Also, the material of the article is supplemented with recommendations for the selection, colorful photos and useful videos for the manufacture and operation of different types of septic tanks.
The content of the article:
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Existing types and characteristics of septic tanks
- Types of utilizers and their features
- Material for the manufacture of containers
- Advantages of a purchased septic tank over homemade
- Overview of popular septic tanks
- Criteria for selecting a suitable septic tank
- Useful tips and nuances when buying
- Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Existing types and characteristics of septic tanks
Manufacturers of sewage equipment offer a variety of options designed to facilitate country life.
Among the equipment options there are both simple and inexpensive models, and rather complex biological wastewater treatment plants.
It’s quite difficult to choose one thing, especially if the owner of the dacha ran into this issue for the first time.
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In the choice of a septic tank for country estates, the geological conditions of the site and the frequency of stay of owners outside the city
An inexpensive well constructed of pre-fabricated concrete elements of factory or hand-made production will be an inexpensive option for collecting drains from the bath, pool, kitchen.
To collect waste of all categories, it is better to install a plastic tank, which should be emptied as it accumulates. The option is suitable for immersion in any soil, but requires regular pumping of sewage by sewers
Those who want to reduce the number of calls for vacuum trucks will equip a sewage station at the site, which allows the majority of the effluent to be discharged into the ground or onto the relief after processing.
Deep sewage treatment plants are volatile. If there is no assurance of uninterrupted energy supply, it is better to put a septic tank independent of electricity.
For a large family, spending a lot of time in the country, a septic tank with three or four chambers will be suitable. The condition for the disposal of recycled wastewater is 1 m from the groundwater table and the bottom of the after-treatment system that receives clarified drains from the septic tank.
All varieties of septic systems need periodic cleaning. Most often, it is necessary to pump wastewater from storage tanks, less often from septic tanks-sumps. The most economical type in this respect is considered to be deep cleaning stations, to remove sediment from them, vacuum trucks are called once every two years - five years.
Only sewage plants that perform deep complex cleaning depend on power supply. Electricity is not needed for settling tanks or accumulators.
Septic tank at the dacha
Concrete Well Device
Accumulative plastic capacity
Installation of sewer station
Septic tanks for summer cottages
Three-chamber septic tank for a large family
Septic system installation
Volatile septic tank to give
Types of utilizers and their features
So that among all the proposals abound on the market, to find your ideal option, you will have to get acquainted in more detail with the main features of the existing equipment.
All septic tanks can be divided into 2 main types, differing on the principle of action:
- accumulative;
- cleansing.
Consider each of these types of septic tanks in more detail.
Option # 1 - cumulative septic tanks
The first - cumulative septic tanks - this is the most simple. They are a container designed to collect human waste, living in the country. It can be made of any material.
The size of the septic tank can be selected depending on the needs. Optimally, when the cumulative capacity holds about 10 m3 drains
Accumulative septic tank filled with sewage, can be mounted under the ground or left on the surface
In other words, such a septic tank resembles a cesspool in a modern version. Periodically, as it is filled, it is necessary to carry out cleaning, causing the asynisation machine.
Independently such an operation cannot be performed. This is the main disadvantage, because the cost of the services of vacuum trucks is not small.
Therefore, all septic tanks of accumulative type are ideal for small families or lonely summer residents who rarely visit a house.
The daily volume of wastewater from all residents should be minimal to reduce the frequency of waste pumping from the storage tank.
Tanks for collecting waste in small volumes are especially popular among seasonal summer residents. As a rule, they take plastic models
Option # 2 - cleaning septic tanks
Cleaning septic tanks are more complex equipment, allowing not only to collect, but also to clean drains.
The cost will directly depend on:
- on the final cleaning level;
- principle of operation;
- capacity volume;
- additional features.
The level of cleaning can vary between 50-98%. Moreover, if the output needs to be obtained from the dirty liquid entering the septic tank along sewer pipe, technical water with a degree of cleaning up to 75%, then it will be enough septic tank
If the liquid component of the effluent must be disinfected and cleaned to 95-98% for free discharge into the soil or gutter, installation of a biological treatment plant will be required.
Bio-cleaning stations for home use are easy, compact, easy to install and maintain.
This capacity has from three or more cameras, which in turn flows into drains. In each compartment, mechanical or biological processes take place, allowing a liquid with the smell of pure river water to be obtained.
Moreover, it is completely safe for dumping on the relief or watering of trees, plants, shrubs.
Material for the manufacture of containers
All septic tanks are divided by the type of material used for their manufacture.
It may be:
- brick;
- concrete;
- plastic;
- metal.
Let us consider in more detail the features of the application of each of these materials.
Using bricks to build a septic tank
Of brick build a wellcollecting sewage waste. It is laid out in a special way so that the water enters for additional purification, and all impurities remain inside the building.
It is the most inexpensive option of a septic tank which can be equipped on its own.
Brick structures will require special care, periodic cleaning with a call of assenizatorskogo machine. The frequency of such work depends on the total amount of waste
Moreover, during the arrangement it is important to calculate everything and do it correctly in order to avoid environmental pollution with unpurified liquid. After all, sewage disposal in groundwater can infect drinking water from nearby wells.
Features of reinforced concrete structures
Many owners with skillful hands consider the best septic tank to give reinforced concrete structure. But such a project will be expensive and will not save from the arrangement of the zone of additional cleaning fluid.
Moreover, a concrete septic tank can be made by pouring everything in place or buying factory preforms.
When building a concrete septic tank without special equipment can not do. This is a tangible expense item. Such equipment is not beneficial to put in rarely visited cottages.
The ideal option would be to buy finished r / b rings with mounting chamfer along the edge for the construction of a hermetic concrete structure.
But transportation and installation will require the involvement of special equipment. These are substantial expenses, and the cost of high-quality concrete cannot be called small.
Metal Storage
Metal drives and utilizers are much cheaper. But their main disadvantage is their susceptibility to corrosion.
Even the highest-quality anti-corrosion coating does not save - after a few years, aggressive drains break the reservoir tightness.
This can cause fecal wastes to enter groundwater, contaminate them and soils, and cause an unpleasant odor in nearby areas.
On sale you can find septic tanks made of metal. Their surface is treated with anti-corrosion coating.
The use of polymer containers
But polymer septic tanks made of polypropylene, fiberglass and low pressure polyethylene.
Fiberglass models are considered the most expensive and reliable. The material contains fiberglass and special resins, giving it improved characteristics.
All types of polymers make it possible to manufacture high-quality containers that withstand temperature changes and the aggressive environment of sewage
They are able to serve 50 years or more.
The form of polymeric septic tanks can be round, rectangular. It can be cylindrical or cubic containers.
It is good to choose a seamless option to completely eliminate the divergence of the seams and not rely on the manufacturer’s good faith.
Advantages of a purchased septic tank over homemade
The question of independent production of a septic tank arises before many summer residents. After all, the purchase of factory analog can result in a pretty decent amount.
The autographic construction of a sewer installation will require a lot of time and effort. But the total cost will be much lower.
Of course, polymeric septic tanks with biological cleaning in the home are not manufactured. But the concrete or brick models will be quite under force.
The feasibility of the construction depends on the skills of the owner, the number of residents, the frequency of visits to the cottage and the size of the site.
Often, the owners themselves build septic tanks of reinforced concrete rings. It is important to ensure the tightness of the joints.
If the purpose of staying at the dacha is periodic care of the beds, then there is no point in starting a full-fledged construction of the sewerage system. Here you can do with the purchase of an inexpensive drive with a vacuum truck once every one or two years.
For more serious needs in the presence of a full bathroom with a bathtub, sink, shower and toilet, a large volume wastewater treatment plant is required. In order not to waste your time on its construction, it will be easier to order ready-made with the installation service.
A factory-made septic tank is more reliable than a self-made septic tank. And the warranty from the manufacturer will cover the repair, if any defect is found
This option, if financially available, would be the most acceptable - everything quickly, efficiently.
No need to delve into all the wisdom of choosing a location, to deal with the methods of supplying and discharging effluent, to explore other nuances of arrangement of local sewage. All this can be safely entrusted to the masters.
Overview of popular septic tanks
The market offers a variety of models of treatment facilities. Here you can choose the most successful option that can meet the needs of a particular summer resident. All septic tanks can be divided into:
- non-volatile;
- volatile.
The first - nonvolatile - it is advisable to use in conditions of unstable power supply or if you want to do without these costs.
These include storage tanks and septic tanks, which produce wastewater treatment by separating soluble and insoluble components.
Volatile options mainly consume a small amount of electricity. Many owners have noted a very small increase in their monthly electricity bills.
In the work of this group of septic tanks involved aerators and pumping devices, which ensures the highest possible degree of purification.
Even the simplest equipment requires proper installation and connection to the sewage system.
If you turn to specific models, you can select the most popular among users. Moreover, according to reviews of both seasonal summer residents and permanent residents, all septic tanks have proven themselves in the best possible way. The ratio of the quality of work and the money paid for them is quite acceptable.
According to the number of satisfied consumers and positive reviews, we can distinguish these septic tanks:
- Tank;
- Triton;
- Tver;
- Yunilos Astra;
- Topaz;
- Poplar;
- Leader;
- Eurobion.
The most popular models buyers recognize Tank, Astra, Topas. Moreover, the first model is non-volatile. Even behind her favorable price and ease of installation.
All 3 options are distinguished by compactness, light weight, ease of installation, high level of sewage treatment to the state of process water and the possibility of self-maintenance.
The range of septic tanks with biological wastewater treatment, such as Yunilos Astra, is designed for a different number of users, such as families of 2-3 people, as well as for a whole street of 35-40 people
Tank and Triton are non-volatile. The rest of the models above are dependent on electricity.
Regarding the volume of the tank and the number of chambers for cleaning waste, each manufacturer has several variations that can meet the needs of customers.
For example, Yunilos can offer a solution for a 150-person cottage community - this is the Astra 150 model.
Criteria for selecting a suitable septic tank
In order to decide which yet septic tank is better to choose for one’s dacha, one has to carefully analyze the source data. Answers to simple questions will determine what characteristics future sewage equipment should have.
To make a decision about a septic tank you will need the following information:
- frequency of visiting the cottage;
- financial opportunities;
- groundwater level (GWL);
- type of underlying soil;
- land area;
- number of tenants.
The frequency of visits depends on what kind of utilizer is required. After all, if you plan to spend summer vacation at the dacha, then biological treatment stations such as Astra, Topas and Topol will not work.
Aerobic bacteria cannot survive long-term fasting. They need sewage and oxygen for quality work.
But these options will be ideal in opposite conditions. When a family of 3-5 people buys a cottage, considering the possibility of year-round living in perspective, it is worthwhile to seriously consider the arrangement of sewage.
If funds allow, then bioremediation stations will maximally satisfy requests for waste disposal.
If you have modest financial opportunities and a rare visit to the dacha, you can get by with a cumulative plastic capacity of up to 10 m2. This option is convenient and easy to use - you can delete collected drains once a year.
You do not have to spend money on delivery and installation - you can deliver a septic tank to your site on your car and install it on the surface or deepen it into the ground
The level of groundwater and the type of soil directly affect the choice of a purification plant. For clay deposits and high GWL, the variant with a septic tank and filtration fields should be discarded immediately.
Purification of wastewater by 50-60% and their direction to the filtration fields is fraught with environmental pollution in conditions of high GWL.
Clay soils, sandy loam, loam, clay, are distinguished by low filtration rates. They belong to the category of reservoirs and can not absorb the liquid component of the effluent.
Therefore, they are not suitable for the device of groundwater after-treatment systems: filtration fields and absorbing wells.
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The filtering, otherwise absorbing, well is a system of ground after-treatment of wastewater, which allows discharge of purified water into the ground. Between the conditional bottom of it and the groundwater level should be at least a meter.
If there is enough space on the summer cottage for arranging a horizontal filtering system, constructing a filtration field - a system of drainage pipes, through perforation of which purified effluents enter the ground
Instead of a filtration field it is more convenient and easier, but it is more expensive to install infiltrators The main condition for their construction as for a field with an absorption well is the distance between the groundwater and the bottom of the systems of at least one meter.
Absorption wells, infiltration system and filtration field are constructed on soils with good filtration properties: sand, gravel and pebble sediments. In clay soils they are not satisfied, and for the treatment of wastewater they install deep cleaning stations, the clarified water from which is led to the gutters.
Filter sewer well
Filtration field for disposal of wastewater into the ground
Infiltrator system for septic tanks
Gutter for drainage of purified water
On a clay foundation, accumulators are installed or a sewage system is arranged with a drainage of the purified liquid component of sewer masses into the gutters. Disposal in the ground in such conditions is prohibited.
The second weighty reason for diverting the pipeline into the ditch is too small a distance between the groundwater table and the conditional bottom of the filtration field or the absorption pit. Between them should be at least 1 m.
With a small area of the plot to arrange the filtration field is not possible. For these purposes, you must select at least 30 m2 and maintain a standard distance to be removed from the house and other residential buildings.
For the organization of filtration fields requires free space on the site. Not all gardeners can afford it.
The number of people permanently residing at their summer cottage directly affects the choice of the required volume of septic tank. Moreover, it is important to correctly calculate the volume of sewage waste for the 3rd day.
In order for the treatment plant to qualitatively perform its functions during salvo discharge, its optimal load is required. This is especially true of biological treatment stations.
Having weighed all the factors influencing the choice, you can safely proceed to the purchase of the ideal model for your summer cottage.
Useful tips and nuances when buying
Having figured out how to choose a septic system correctly, you should listen to useful tips coming from professionals. First, it is best to choose equipment that requires minimal maintenance.
Many septic stations with biological treatment suggest the possibility of maintenance by their owners.
The simpler the system is and the less it needs to be controlled and intervened, the easier it will be for its owners to live. An ideal variant, when the owner of the dacha himself can perform all the necessary manipulations with the cleaning installation.
Secondly, you should try to choose energy independence. Many owners of dachas of permanent residence, focusing on dependent models, immediately take care of generators and spare batteries.
After all, such forethought is needed not only for the functioning of the sewage system, but also for other consumers of electricity - microwaves, televisions, computers and other equipment.
Unfortunately, some gardeners do not think about the pollution of groundwater by arranging an absorption well at the summer cottage instead of a local sewage system.
The filtration (he is absorbing or absorbing) well is intended for ground after-treatment of wastewater treated in a septic tank.
As an independent structure, it can serve to receive and filter gray sewage masses - water, contaminated when taking hygienic procedures, during cleaning, working in the kitchen, coming from dishwashers and washing machines.
Thirdly, you should try to organize the discharge of treated wastewater into the ground, and not to the relief. Otherwise, the effluent must be cleaned by 98% so as not to create an environmental disaster on the site.
After all, untreated pollution is not only able to infect groundwater - they will create an unbearable stench in the whole district.
For the organization of filtering fields there are certain rules and recommendations on which to focus
Fourth, the service life of a chosen septic tank should be equal to the lifetime of the house itself. It is at least 50-80 years old. Accordingly, it is better to discard the metal container as a storage device immediately.
You can focus on other materials - they can last 50 years or more without being subjected to corrosion.
No matter how high the anticorrosion coating is, it will not serve for 50 years. This is fraught with major problems for the owner of a septic tank made of metal.
Fifth, you should seriously consider the choice of the installation site of the future cleaning system. It will not be superfluous to be guided by the norms and sanitary requirements for sewage equipment.
Also, each septic tank has its own recommendations set out in the relevant instructions. It is on them and should be relied upon during installation.
Sixthly, you need to read reviews about the septic tank you like on independent resources, for example, on construction forums. Studying all the information about it, you should rely on serious regulatory literature, and not on advertising.
Seventh, focusing on the station purchase option, it is more expedient to immediately order and install. Indeed, from the correct installation depends on its smooth operation.
It is worth remembering that the purchased septic equipment can qualitatively perform its functions for at least 50. It is better not to save on its installation, in order to avoid the negative consequences of mistakes.
Properly installed septic tank will not only not interfere in everyday life, but also save its owner from sudden breakdowns and the sewage system failure
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Tips for choosing a septic system that is suitable for specific conditions:
Video recommendations on how to select a septic tank for your villa:
Tips in video format about the pros and cons of various septic tanks:
Video for home craftsmen who prefer to build a septic tank on their own:
Having studied all the nuances of the choice of a septic tank, you can choose the most successful option for your problem. A well-maintained plot with perfectly functioning sewage will allow the whole family to be in the fresh air in comfortable conditions. Moreover, local amenities that are not dependent on local authorities will delight the next 50-80 years with their uninterrupted work.
Have you made a homemade septic tank to give? Or picked up the finished design among the models on the market? Please tell us about your experience in using a septic tank and the nuances of maintenance in the comments under our article.
