Any gardener who grows grapes for later making wine is familiar with tools such as a crusher. There are several variations of the mechanism, which will be discussed in this article.
Conductor
. Why is the
grape crusher needed? A crusher is a device with a simple mechanism. The most primitive design consists of the following elements:
bunker for loading berries;
capacity in which the cake is going;
crushing rollers;
frame that holds all nodes;
knob, which drives the shafts;
gear system.
The tool is used by private winemakers and industrialists to process grapes for the purpose of making juice.
grape roll cutter separators for rolls. The principle of operation is based on filling the bunker with berries and setting in motion the working shafts, which, under the force of squeezing, press the skin and pulp, separating the juice. Recycled product goes to the pulp chamber. The drive that causes the crushing elements to move is mechanical and electrical.
The shafts of the device should move in the opposite direction.
The design feature is the gap, which is left specially between the working shafts. This allows you to squeeze the grapes without crushing the seeds. Damaged seeds have a negative effect on the taste of the juice, subsequently giving the wine bitterness.
Kinds of crushers
There are several types of grape wipers design, each of which has a number of advantages of .The choice of the mechanism of winemakers carried out taking into account the amount of processing and the required performance.
In addition, the equipment of the comb separator has a direct impact on the taste of the drink, because the bones can both give exquisite tartness and make the wine intolerantly bitter. The technology of processing grapes of red and even varieties allows for the presence of pits, whereas in the manufacture of white wines, the procedure of filtering the juice is necessary.
With
comb separator Structurally, crushers differ in several ways, but the presence or absence of the comb separator is considered basic. The importance of this element in the equipment is due to the spinning process, in which tannins and bitterness from the stem enter the juice.
Such an addition spoils the taste of the wort. After harvesting the grapes fall into the bunker without separating the berries from the brush. This function takes the comb, which may have a different design. It then prevents the formation of bitter taste in wine.
without a comb separator are structurally crushers with a ridge separator and without it, except that there are no ridges and the function of separating the berries from the brush. The processing of grapes is slower due to the fact that the raw materials require preliminary preparation - the separation of grapes from the stem part.
With all the advantages of a comb separator, it is worth considering that in the manufacture of wine from muscat varieties, crushers equipped with crests are not used.
Crushers-ridge separators impact centrifugal
Crushers-ridge separators roller
These units prepare high-quality wort for wine , and the process of spinning is similar to production technology. The principle of operation of the shredder is based on squeezing the berries with shafts, followed by filtration of the juice by the comb separator.
The parameters of the gap between the two rotating shafts are adjusted depending on the grape variety used( the size of the stone is considered as a guide).The surface of the main structural element - shafts can be of several options:
is smooth;
corrugated;
4, 6, 8-blade.
Most factory-made crushers have shaped rolls.
Crushers-ridge separators impact centrifugal
Design crushers of this type are performed in horizontal and vertical versions. The principle of operation of the mechanism is based on the impact of the impact force of the rotor, rotating at a speed of 300-500 rpm. The equipment is equipped with a comb separator, which purifies the juice from the cake as much as possible.
The feature of the centrifugal impact crusher is considered to be high-quality pressing, as a result of which a large amount of coloring and phenolic substances is extracted from the berries, which gives the wine a rich color and various notes of taste. More often a device with a rotor is used for processing red grape varieties.
Crusher with a CrusherThe feature of the equipment is the presence of a comb separator, which is a kind of cylinder with a horizontal arrangement. The design of the cylinder also includes the shaft and screw blades, which help in the process of pressing to separate the berries from the ridges.
How to make a manual crush with your own hands
To process the crop from your backyard there is no need to purchase the equipment of the factory assembly .Build it completely easy with their hands. But first you need to decide on the type of construction and the required materials. A simple crusher will require a small number of parts, most of which can be replaced by improvised means.
The steps of assembling a simple structure for squeezing the grape juice
. Draw a drawing of the unit or use a finished drawing as a basis.
Build a hopper for loading raw materials. The design element is similar in shape to a truncated inverted pyramid. The material for its manufacture is better to choose a tree of hardwood( for example, oak).Also use plastic and stainless steel.
A shaft with blades( 4-6 pcs.) Is installed along the bottom of the bunker. For its manufacture, you need to take a pipe( diameter 30-40 mm) and a plate( length 15-20 cm, width 8-10 cm) made of stainless steel. Weld the blades to the pipe in a staggered manner( alternating through each time the sides of the connection parts).
Install the shaft into the holes in the bunker located in its lower part.
Fix the grid at the bottom of the hopper. Its diameter should correspond to the parameters of the processed berries. You can cut several pieces from metal grids with different cells at once and change them taking into account the grape variety used.
The shaft is driven by a knob. For this you need to bend the rod( at least 10-12 mm), giving it a zigzag shape. One side of the handle is fixed on the shaft.
The frame is considered the basis of the design. It must be knocked out of wooden blanks in parameters slightly exceeding the size of the lower part of the bunker. The height must be at least 15 cm.
2 shafts with a gap of 2-3 mm are fixed to the frame. From the outer side of the frame to install on the gear shafts.
Install a handle on one of the roller axles.
Electric Grape Crusher This design has 2 handles that activate the comb separator and the juice squeeze rolls. It is easy to improve the equipment by combining both mechanisms into a single manual control or electric( installation of an electric drive).
Acquire a ready-made grape crusher or assemble a simple device with your own hands - it's up to everyone to decide. But in any case, it is interesting to improve the existing model under certain conditions to facilitate the process of squeezing the juice. With an innovative idea, you can later share with like-minded people in the network.
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Crushers-ridge separators impact centrifugal 
