As you know, you can not tan the house, even if the room is full of sunlight. A bronze tint to the body will impart radiation, called ultraviolet. This is the part of the spectrum located above the visible range. Often, infrared heaters for home, confused, called ultraviolet. This is fundamentally wrong. Ultraviolet heaters are not used to generate heat. But there are devices that have a dual function. Ultraviolet gives the skin a golden hue in the solarium, kills microbes in medical institutions. Fashionistas glasses, putting in the device UV radiation, put it on purpose.
Features of the ultraviolet spectrum
The ultraviolet spectrum is notable for two qualities:
- Kills microbes.
- Gives the skin a bronze tint.
Two qualities compel the manufacturer to use various methods of obtaining ultraviolet radiation. First of all, energy is used for disinfection, already in the second for heating.
This practice exists because of the physical characteristics of the range. We will understand. Every heated body radiates energy. For example, the Sun sends waves in a wide range, starting from infrasound and extending the rays to infinity on the frequency axis. Part of the radiation is filtered by the atmosphere. The chosen share reaches the ground: ultraviolet takes the ozone layer. The yellow disk visible by a man is a small fraction of the energies sent to mankind by the star. Most of them are located in the invisible range. Bottom on the frequency axis of the infrared spectrum, on top - ultraviolet.
Important! The radiation density of a star has the shape of a hill with a forehead shifted to the left. The visible part of the spectrum is located on the right slope. Hence the volume of the ultraviolet part below the infrared.
Each heated body exhibits a pronounced radiation maximum. As the temperature rises, the frequency of the peak emission wave increases. In everyday life it is much easier to glow a spiral red hot, it will emit in the infrared.
The emission spectrum is a continuous line, which is hollow on both sides of the maximum. It turns out the mountain. Infrared heater radiates in the ultraviolet range, relatively weak. In practice, it is difficult to heat the metal before the radiation in the ultraviolet range. It is not necessary. Infrared heaters have high efficiency that suits people.
Ultraviolet exposure
Metal is difficult to heat to produce ultraviolet radiation in normal conditions, using other methods. This is not the only reason for the exclusion from the use of ultraviolet heaters. Rays located above the visible spectrum, detrimental effect on microbes.
Skin sunbathes under the influence of ultraviolet rays, but will get burns. A strong source of radiation will be required, mainly what is said concerns artificial tanning beds. Prolonged exposure causes mutations, less commonly leads to skin cancer.
Much more dangerous than ultraviolet radiation for the eyes. Corneal burns are possible. Most of the range is absorbed by the lens, the retina does not reach. Ultraviolet is perceived by a person as a faint gray or violet glow. Weak cornea burns are not too dangerous. The eye is restored to 100%.Otherwise, a person in the sun would risk health. However, disinfection with ultraviolet lamps in the hospital is carried out in the absence of patients.
Ultraviolet Detected and Positive Action. It starts the synthesis of vitamin D, preventing the development of rickets. The long absence of sunlight adversely affects the body, causing seasonal depression. The fact is studied and scientifically proven, the world is waking up with interest in full-spectrum lamps. Glass filtered ultraviolet, distorting the spectrum, cutting off the visible range.
How to get ultraviolet
There is a galaxy of ultraviolet lamps. Special glass is used, the standard silicone range does not pass. This is far from the only and certainly not the most promising method of producing ultraviolet radiation:
- Discharge lamps. When the ionization process begins, in mercury the energy levels of electrons are arranged in such a way that the breakdown of molecules causes the appearance of quanta of the ultraviolet range. The
- Excilamp does not differ from the previous class except for the pronounced maximum of the radiation in the near ultraviolet range, for example, 282 nm. The active substances are xenon bromide. Most inert gas halides are used. The principle of operation is based on the discharge and the production of plasma, actively emitting ultraviolet radiation. The scheme for creating ionization is different.
- Luminescence is a secondary process. The active substance is bombarded by electrons and begins to glow in the process. The phenomenon is based on the change in the energy states of electrons. The hue of the glow depends on the composition of the phosphor, it is reasonable to choose the components in order to get the ultraviolet range.
- LEDs are considered a promising direction. The efficiency reaches 99%, in addition to the width of the emitted ultraviolet spectrum, we choose any small or large. Small size, fault tolerance and relatively simple processing methods will allow forming sources of ultraviolet radiation of any type. The principle of operation is based on the processes occurring in the pn junction. The radiation frequency is determined by the composition of the energy states in the semiconductor.
- Lasers is a separate topic, not used in everyday life. The main feature is radiation coherence. The ultraviolet spectrum is narrow, the waves of the same phase. For the purpose of heating, tricks are not needed, as well as for killing microbes. Such exact parameters of the source of ultraviolet radiation are used in technology, less medicine.
Types of ultraviolet heaters
The only existing type of ultraviolet heater will serve the device, familiar to everyone. This is a blue lamp for the treatment of ear diseases, less common cold. The principle of operation of the ultraviolet heater is based on local disinfection and raising the temperature of the irradiated part of the body. In this case, the ear. The synergistic effect facilitates the course of the disease and contributes to the speedy elimination.
In other cases, ultraviolet light complements the effect of heat obtained by other means. Often, shoes in summer terrible smell. Just inside at a temperature of 36 degrees Celsius find shelter and conditions for the reproduction of a myriad of bacteria.
Find out how the UV heater for shoes works. As an ordinary infrared heat source, supplemented by a special lamp that provides disinfection. No moisture, no smell. It turns out the blue lamp for the ear, but much more powerful.
What are ultraviolet heaters. Perhaps a medical, specific purpose. For example, for the oral cavity. Ultraviolet for heating is not used. It is just dangerous for sight.
Where they use ultraviolet
Light fillings - a familiar phrase. On a miniature pistol there is a special orange filter that protects the doctor's eyes. Above it has been said that ultraviolet radiation can burn eyes. Inside the device is a laser, coherent radiation is simply deadly for the organs of vision. This is an unnatural effect that is absent in nature. Even in the first approximation, the radiation of the Sun is not coherent.
The main problem of swimming pools is flowering. Stagnant water will quickly turn into a swamp, if you do not take special measures. The ultraviolet lamp of a special design will provide a low level of reproduction of bacteria and other unwanted guests from the microworld. The principle of operation of the devices does not differ from fluorescent lamps, except that the design is hermetic, and the working gas is different. It is appropriate to recall that the difference between the lighting devices ultimately reduces to the structure of the energy states of the electrons. The working substance is pumped with energy and radiates.
Gases are ionized by ultraviolet radiation. This is the basis for measuring air purity. When the concentration of harmful gas molecules exceeds the permissible level, the ion current triggers an alarm.
Tanning salons are popular, they use ultraviolet rays.
Conclusion
If no one in the family suffers from otitis, do not ask yourself how to choose an ultraviolet heater. To increase the temperature in the room are used only infrared devices. Do not look for ultraviolet ceiling heaters. In the future, there is a possibility that combined devices for heating and lighting will appear, but today this combination looks out of place in a search engine.
