The content of the article:
To heat water in any circuit, it is necessary to give energy to wood, gas or electricity. Tan for a water heater is a node where electric energy passes through nichrome spirals, heats them, and heat is transferred to water through metal or ceramics. By action, the heating element and the internal water circuit are the functional parts of the water heater. All other equipment is needed to ensure the process in the specified parameters.
Varieties of water electric heating elements
Let's recall the old electric hot plates with an open spiral, which were used in the middle of the last century. If such a spiral is covered with a layer of pure fine sand and placed in a tube of metal, the ends are closed with an insulating stopper, a heating element for the water heater will be obtained. Spiral wires do not come in contact with water and metal, but heat the tube from copper or steel. As a result, there is no danger of electric shock, and water is heated from a wet or open electrode dropped into it.
To clean the TEN from scaling it must be immersed in hot water with Antinakipin or hold in a solution of citric acid. After confirming the integrity of the case.
Another type of heating element is the design when the conductor is placed in a flask, not in contact with water. And such a device is considered a "dry" heating element or closed. Each of the elements has its advantages and disadvantages.
The device and application of thermocouples
The resulting heating tube can be bent and executed the part so that it can be installed in the vessel. In this case, the upper metal casing is made of a conductor with good heat transfer - steel, copper, alloys. To fix in a vessel TEN for a water heater it is possible to flange or both ends of an element by separate nuts. In any water, except distilled, there are salts. Some of them, when heated, become insoluble and settle on metal tubes. The process also happens because copper pipes are the catalyst for precipitation.
If a rod is placed next to a more active metal, then it will be with it that aggressive ions are contacted. Then the magnesium anode electrode collapses, is covered with a loose crust, there is not enough ions to form a precipitate on the TEN. Thus, the service life of the main elements is prolonged, and magnesium electrodes are replaced with new ones when worn. Therefore, all the Tans for the water heater are completed with a magnesium anode.
Dry heating elements are arranged differently. They are unresponsive to sediment, do not enter into electrochemical interaction with water, do not overgrow even in a harsh environment. Accordingly, it is not necessary to install an anode element with them. This is not a heater, as the device can not be called a tubular electric heater.Such elements are prepared for a specific model of the water heater.
What heaters are installed in Thermex boilers
The company uses heaters for the Thermex water heater from various manufacturers. In addition to the Italian site, the production of electrodes in China is open. At the output there is a control laboratory. Elements with low resistance are sent to marriage.
For a better guarantee at home, before installing the heaters, they need to be held for several hours in the water and check whether the resistance corresponds to the one indicated in the passport.
For Thermex water heaters, the following types of heating elements are produced:
- for flow-through valves, heaters with the power kW;
- on the stamped flange D 64 mm kW, D 82 mm kW, D 92 mm kW;
- without flanges, with fastening on nuts kW;
- magnesium anodes of a special composition, only in Italy.
The company has developed a special composition for the production of anodes from the alloy AZ63 plus, which are 2 times more efficient than conventional anodes.
Heating elements for the Ariston boilers
The firm Ariston uses heating elements of its own production or orders at the Thermowatt plant in Italy. Heaters in copper and steel design, for vertical vessels straight and bent, for lying on their sides.
We use nut and flange heating elements for Ariston water heaters, with the proprietary diameter of the flanges - 42, 48, 63, 72 mm and equipped with metric thread. TENs are mainly used and there are models with a closed structure of elements. All heaters have a power of 1-4 kW. Six series of TANS are used in 80 types of water heaters, only ARI STEA TITE and ABS SLV models have dry elements with a service life of 7-10 years without replacement.
Ariston water heaters have thermostatically controlled temperature in the range of 20 to 80 degrees, which extends the life of the heaters. Replacement of magnesium electrodes occurs as necessary.
Five series of electrodes are made using a copper tube, and only one, using stainless steel. Heating elements series RNCA are designed for small boilers with a volume of 30 and 50 liters.
The professional attitude to the Ariston water heater, the use of specially designed heaters for him, gave the results:
- silver sputtering of contacts allowed to raise the current to 25 amperes versus 18 from competitors;
- fast heating of water due to high heat transfer;
- easy installation of heating elements, and long-term operation without repair.
Heating elements of the Swedish company Electrolux
The Swedish company Electrolux uses electric heaters of its own production and products of the Italian plant Thermowatt. Quality products are produced in a large assortment, reliable and not much overgrown. The electric heaters for Electrolux heaters are becoming unusable for reasons:
- burst metal tube from prolonged temperature overheating or high voltage;
- corrode fixing points;
- there is no magnesium anode;
- The heater is not completely immersed in water.
All cases of failure of heating elements are associated with violations of the operating rules of the device.
Effect of the thermostat on the lifetime of the heater
Water heaters have a mandatory protection against overheating. When the critical temperature is reached, the appliance switches off. The temperature in the water heater is regulated by a thermostat. In this case, the temperature sensor is;
- a rod that is lowered into the vessel parallel to the heater;
- a capillary device in which the membrane closes contact when the volume of the liquid increases;
- electronic node.
Thermoregulators are simple and programmable, overhead and embedded. They can not be repaired, they are replaced when installed similar.
Heating elements for a water heater with a thermostat operate in a gentle mode. If an economical heating mode is used up to 55 degrees, conditions for precipitation of hardness salts are not created and the heater remains clean for a long time, which means it does not overheat.
In addition, the heater with thermostat is very convenient to use, simply heating the water in any container.
The order of replacement of heating elements in water heaters
To clean or replace the heater in the water heater from scale, it is necessary to provide access to the device by emptying and draining the tank. In this case, it is necessary to ensure equalization of pressure in the vessel.
For the duration of the work, the water heater is not only disconnected from the outlet, but the machine is switched off on the line. It is possible to assemble the circuit and turn on the water heater after water has flowed from the drain valve.
To ensure inspection and repair, the device must be turned over and dismantled with a flange attached to the TEN. Disconnect the power supply. Before you need to draw or photograph the fastening of the wiring on the flange, in order to assemble the circuit correctly after replacing the assembly. At the same time, the anode rod must be replaced or cleaned of sediment.
Sealing gums and gaskets should be cleaned from dirt and replaced if necessary. Install the new heater and perform the assembly in reverse order. When filling the tank with water, open the drain valve to expel the air.
