The puncher was invented in 1851 as a tool for the mining industry. In 1932, Bosch presented in Germany the first electromechanical percussion hammer, designed for construction work. Since then BoschHammers are produced serially, production licenses have also been acquired by other firms. The main functions of the puncher are drilling, drilling and impact. How to properly use a puncher, performing various types of work?

The principle of the perforator

The innovative essence of the invention of the perforator is that the impact force is generated by the instrument itself. This is due to the conversion of the rotational energy of the electric motor into the translational motion of the piston. The piston drives a boom (drummer), which already directly performs the work.

Depending on which tool is used, which mode is activated, the puncher can drill, drill or work in the mode of a jackhammer.

The rated power of the perforator ranges from, kJ to 20 kJ. If you imagine that from a height of 1 m on the floor dropped a weight of 1kg, it will hit the floor with a force of 1 kJ. Accordingly, a 20-kilogram weight will strike with a force of 20 kJ.

Terms of use

Punchers are widely used in modern construction industry, they replaced monotonous and inefficient manual labor. But its use is fraught with certain risks, which you need to know about before you start working.

First of all, you need to work with a working tool in the normal mode, which is authorized by the manufacturer. The power supply must be provided through a cable, the cross section of which corresponds to the power consumption.

After transporting the punch in the cold season, it takes at least half an hour to soften the lubricating fluids inside the machine.

The operator doing the work should be healthy. Before work, it is necessary to study the instructions to the device and the safety rules.

Basic modes of operation of a perforator

Rotary hammers operate in several basic modes, switched by the operator depending on the work being carried out.

Drilling

It is executed after switching the regulator to the corresponding mode (drill bit icon). The overwhelming number of models of punchers are equipped with a function of a gradual set of revolutions of the working shaft. Controls the speed of the revolutions with the start button. With a weak pressing, the revolutions from zero gradually rise higher. When the button is pressed all the way, the revolutions become maximum.

Depending on the material to be drilled, it is recommended to adjust the speed of the drill or bit.So, wooden products are best drilled at high speeds, metal at low, and concrete or stone - at medium.

Most often the puncher is used for drilling stone or concrete. This is due to the fact that the chuck attachment device has a backlash in the longitudinal axis, calculated for the impact-boring function. Therefore, when drilling holes in a tree or metal, it is not always possible to achieve the desired accuracy. The tip of the drill can slightly "wag".

It is recommended to use a cam holder with SDS-shank for precise drilling of holes. The drill without play is fixed in the cam chuck, which is inserted into the punch. The cam cartridge is included in the kit or is purchased separately. Using a replaceable cartridge, you can drill any openings and materials.

In the drilling mode, it is possible to use a perforator as a mixer for mixing various building mixtures - from paint to light plaster and gypsum compositions. A great convenience is that the speed and direction of rotation are conveniently adjusted.

Drilling

The drilling mode is activated by transferring the switch register to the middle position (select the drill and hammer icon). Usually it is indicated by the sign of the drill and hammer drawn on the body at the same time. Drilling is used for dolobozhki concrete and stone materials. You can not only make holes, but also lay channels for wiring electrical and other cables in plaster or brick walls.

Since drilling has many different forms, engineers have developed numerous nozzles for working in different conditions. All of them are united by the presence of a special shank, which is combined with the cartridge SDS +.

Hit

Shock mode is used for installation and dismantling works. On the mode switch is indicated by the hammer icon. When operating in this mode, there is no rotation of the operating shaft. There is only a progressive movement of the instrument.

Reverse

The reverse function allows you to switch the direction of rotation of the cartridge in different directions.

Often, when drilling reinforced concrete structures, the drill rests against the reinforcement and enters with it into the clinch. In order to release it, a reverse switch is provided, which makes it possible to turn the drill in the opposite direction and continue drilling, bypassing the reinforcement. Usually the reverse button is located directly next to the unit's start button.

Reverse mode turns the punch gun into a screwdriver, which can be twisted and unscrewed by bolts, nuts and screws of any size and configuration.

Additional tool options

In addition to the above, the standard set of options in the modern perforator include:

• ruler for determining the depth of the hole;
• lever for fixing the operating position of the start button;
• safety clutch - stops the motor when the drill is jammed.

And also in the design of each device laid systems:

• dust extraction - impeller on the engine with a system of dust-collecting channels;
• vibration canceling - special springs between the body and the power unit;
• electronic regulation of operation and monitoring of the state of the brushes on the collector of the electric motor.

An important rule, non-observance of which can lead to the failure of the puncher. Switching modes should be performed only when the tool is completely stopped.

Video: Switching the perforator modes

Rules for safe use of the tool

Use a perforator is only permissible with the use of personal protective equipment.These include goggles, headphones, gloves, a respirator. Clothes should be without fluttering long-sex elements. The hair is collected under the headdress. Shoes should be dry, comfortable and non-slip, preferably with socks, reinforced metal plates.

Attention. Work puncher in positions with an unstable support point is prohibited. Impact during drilling can lead a person out of balance, as a result of possible injury.

The noise level of the working tool fluctuates around 100-110 dB. If the surface to be treated resonates (for example, a concrete wall), then the noise level can reach 140-150 dB. Such a sound load can lead to somatic diseases or mental disorders. It is necessary to use headphones or ear plugs.

How to insert / remove a drill or drill

To work with a puncher was safe, you need to learn a few simple skills. The mandatory skills include the installation and removal of a drill, drill or any other nozzle.

Installation of the working tool

On all rotary hammers there is a cartridge of the SDS + type, which does not require keys. Unlike cams, the drill bit installation takes seconds:

1. Pull the bottom of the cartridge down.
2. Insert the drill shank into the hole.
3. Release the base of the cartridge, the spring will return the cartridge to its place, the mechanism of the locking balls will securely tighten the drill in its metallic embrace.
4. Check that the drill bit is securely fastened by pulling it toward you. The cutting tool must not be removed.

Correctly installed drill should not leave the nest more than 1 cm when trying to pull it by hand.

If a cam chuck is installed in the puncher, the borer can be fixed by the traditional method - by rotating the chuck body around its own axis before tightening the thread.

Removing the working tool

To remove a bit or bit after work or for replacement, it is necessary:

1. Wait until the chuck is completely stopped.
2. Pull the bottom of the cartridge down to the stop.
3. Remove the drill from the cartridge.
4. Release the base of the cartridge.

Attention! From the friction the drill gets very hot. Use gloves to avoid burns.

Punching equipment

To get a better idea of ​​the wide possibilities of the puncher, we will make a brief excursion into the world of nozzles, which are used in the work of this power tool. Main types of attachments:

• The Boers. "Drill designed for drilling work on stone and concrete. At the end they are reinforced with a carbide-tipped head. The main purpose is to carry out installation works, fasteners, wiring of communications.
• Crowns (digitization). Device for cutting large diameter holes. If it is necessary to make a hole of great depth, special adapters are used with crowns, allowing to push the snap to the desired length. Successfully applied to the processing of ceramic tiles, in the installation of electrical equipment.
• Chisel. The most diverse category of nozzles for a perforator. Differ by the size, shape, length and width of the working surface. There are chisels in the form of a peak, in the form of a flat blade, as well as channel chisels (strobers), designed for hollowing out channels in concrete or brick walls. An irreplaceable assistant in the dismantling work (removal of old tiles, dismantling of the screed, fitting and leveling of the brickwork before the plaster).

Photo gallery: borax, crown and chisel

All types of attachments in the SDS + cartridge are installed identically, the principle of movable clamping balls is used in fixing. If properly installed, the tool can move freely along the longitudinal axis without falling out of the socket.

If the red LED on the punch gun control panel lights up, it means that the unit is working with an excess of the standard load on the engine. A technical inspection should be carried out and the cause of the overload removed.

Where else can we use the punch

The scope of the puncher is not limited only to working with concrete or stone. Wherever a striking technique is required, this universal apparatus can be used.

We hammer in the ground a pipe

Heavy perforators - weighing more than 8 kg and blowing up to 20 kJ, are used when driving an Abyssinian well. The galvanized pipe with a sharp tip is placed vertically and, using the hammer mode, is pushed into the ground. Of course, the diameter of such a pipe can not be large (up to 1 inch). But this is enough to provide the middle family with water. This method is used in the device of water intake in places inaccessible to heavy drilling equipment.

Tram the soil in the greenhouse

It's not a bad idea to use a nozzle on a perforator for ramming the soil. It is a flat metal plate, which "trample down" the ground. It is used on a local scale in the construction of greenhouses, the arrangement of beds.

We disturb cement mixtures

The main part of the perforator is a rotating cartridge. This is enough to entrust the perforator kneading cement screed or tile glue. All you need is to buy a mixer with a shank SDS +.

Summing up, I would like to note that this article is for informational purposes only. The complete information is set out in the instruction manual, which each manufacturer applies to its products.

Instruments produced by different companies differ in their performance and characteristics, and there are operational features. This must be taken into account when using the equipment in the process of work.